Computer Security Essays - Security, Cybercrime, Cryptography

Computer Security About two hundred years before, the word "computer" started to appear in the dictionary. Some people even didn't know what is a computer. However, most of the people today not just knowing what is a computer, but understand how to use a computer. Therefore, computer become more and more popular and important to our society. We can use computer everywhere and they are very useful and helpful to our life. The speed and accuracy of computer made people felt confident and reliable. Therefore, many important information or data are saved in the computer. Such as your diary, the financial situation of a oil company or some secret intelligence of the military department. A lot of important information can be found in the memory of computer. So, people may ask a question: Can we make sure that the information in the computer is safe and nobody can steal it from the memory of the computer? Physical hazard is one of the causes of destroying the data in the computer. For example, send a flood of coffee toward a personal computer. The hard disk of the computer could be endangered by the flood of coffee. Besides, human caretaker of computer system can cause as much as harm as any physical hazard. For example, a cashier in a bank can transfer some money from one of his customer's account to his own account. Nonetheless, the most dangerous thief are not those who work with computer every day, but youthful amateurs who experiment at night --- the hackers. The term "hacker "may have originated at M.I.T. as students' jargon for classmates who labored nights in the computer lab. In the beginning, hackers are not so dangerous at all. They just stole computer time from the university. However, in the early 1980s, hackers became a group of criminals who steal information from other peoples' computer. For preventing the hackers and other criminals, people need to set up a good security system to protect the data in the computer. The most important thing is that we cannot allow those hackers and criminals entering our computers. It means that we need to design a lock to lock up all our data or using identification to verify the identity of someone seeking access to our computers. The most common method to lock up the data is using a password system. Passwords are a multi-user computer system's usual first line of defense against hackers. We can use a combination of alphabetic and number characters to form our own password. The longer the password, the more possibilities a hacker's password-guessing program must work through. However it is difficult to remember a very long passwords. So people will try to write the password down and it may immediately make it a security risk. Furthermore, a high speed password-guessing program can find out a password easily. Therefore, it is not enough for a computer that just have a password system to protect its data and memory. Besides password system, a computer company may consider about the security of its information centre. In the past, people used locks and keys to limit access to secure areas. However, keys can be stolen or copied easily. Therefore, card-key are designed to prevent the situation above. Three types of card-keys are commonly used by banks, computer centers and government departments. Each of this card-keys can employ an identifying number or password that is encoded in the card itself, and all are produced by techniques beyond the reach of the average computer criminals. One of the three card-key is called watermark magnetic. It was inspired by the watermarks on paper currency. The card's magnetic strip have a 12-digit number code and it cannot be copied. It can store about two thousand bits in the magnetic strip. The other two cards have the capability of storing thousands of times of data in the magnetic strip. They are optical memory cards (OMCs) and Smart cards. Both of them are always used in the security system of computers. However, it is not enough for just using password system and card-keys to protect the memory in the computer. A computer system also need to have a restricting program to verify the

Mrs. Wright versus Louisa essays

Mrs. Wright versus Louisa essays Desolate, solitary and lonely: these are all qualities that are affiliated with the character Mrs. Wright. Mrs. Wright is a character from the short story "A Jury of her Peers" by Susan Glaspell. Unlike Mrs. Wright, Louisa, from "A New England Nun" by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, lives alone, but Louisa was not truly lonely. Both women, Mrs. Wright and Louisa, were alone, nonetheless Mrs. Wright was lonelier. Louisa, a spinster in the short story, decided that she wanted to live her life alone. Because she was set in her way of doing things, she did not want to change her lifestyle for someone else. Just because Louisa lived alone, does not make her a lonely person. "She had lived so long in one way that she shrank from making a change (page 71)."" Louisa may have been alone, without a companion, but she had a dog and a canary for company, and she liked to sew, polish her china to perfection and look out her window. She had hobbies, and did not feel as if she were lonely. Mrs. Wright, on the other hand, was extremely lonely. She did not have children, and did not have any friends or pets. She had her husband, but they did not have a very good relationship. Thus, this excludes her having a companion, that is, someone to talk to. In fact, Mr. John Wright was not a very cheerful person. He even, supposedly, killed Mrs. Wright's pet canary. "Wright wouldn't like the bird, a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that too (page 170)."" She had liked to sing in the choir, and bought the bird to listen to and also for companionship. She had been lonely previously, but must have been even lonelier without it. Even the trees outside her house were lonely, and her house was lonesome. Mrs. Wright didn't have anything to subside her loneliness without her bird, a caring husband or close friends. Mrs. Wright was so lonely, that she must have become crazy. Without having anybody ...

The Main Development of e Marketing and its Effect on Tourism Essay

The Main Development of e Marketing and its Effect on Tourism - Essay Example This essay will seek to address some of the major developments of e marketing and their effects on tourism. Additionally, it will also look at the major issues related to technology and innovation as well as their impacts on global tourism. Understanding and managing technological change and innovation To begin with, the recent advances and developments in connectivity and power processing facilitated by Information Communication Technology are undeniable. It is also agreeable and true that the expansion of broadband is part of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, which, once the world overcomes it, will witness the end of the ‘plague of distance’ that exists globally. Simultaneously, the ‘smart world’ in which are living in whose landscape albeit experiencing a permanent process of evolution is offering clearer, becoming friendlier, and presenting solutions that serve in reducing money and time and opening new paths towards the personalization of pr oducts and services. At this point, it is understandable that, in this world, in spite of its tones of inequalities offers an immense space to increase travel, because many barriers that once prevented or slowed global travel are gradually declining (Alipour, 2011:1). As of today, combination of technology and price comparison is increasingly shaping the activities of tourism. Experts are developing new applications for mobiles that offer a wide range of opportunities, social networks are consolidating themselves within a more transparent market where citizens are in a position to develop and provide services together, and changes in the concept of the value chain are producing new business models. In other words, change is becoming more constant and obvious, just as the opportunities that it is creating and presenting. However, technological advancements are presenting a challenge for the tourism industry. It is therefore vital understand the main trends that are influencing supply and demand, to know what is managing the change in the external environment while evolving at the same rate (McMaster, Kato, and Khan, 2005:12). Moreover, it is congruent to converse with the improved capacity for tourism organizations to respond via policies that can better integrate diverse interests, taking into account the whole range of potential of a destination. Business analysts recognize the internet as a widely and extremely valuable tool of marketing. This is because; the internet gives substantial merits over traditional methods of communication. The offers increased customer involvement in controlling transactions, increases the speed of transferring and retrieving information, and reduces the costs involved in communication. The internet is offering the tourism industry a greater flexibility of using the marketing mix (Kim, 2004:5). As such, it increases internal and external communications as well as facilitates market research. Tourism industry depends highly on int ernet in intensifying and improving customer services, product development, market penetration, cost saving via reengineering, product delivering, and in direct marketing. The use of internet transformed the tourism indus

Consider the ways in which actual readers may deviate from the role Essay

Consider the ways in which actual readers may deviate from the role assigned them as implied readers and why this happens. Make very specific and detailed reference to the texts and make use of quotations - Essay Example Written by Chinua Achebe, it is regarded as the seminal novel within African literature. Achebe has said that he wrote his famous book, at least in part, because of the anger he felt at being made to read Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Cary's Mister Johnson in colonial schools. The latter features a slavish African who adores his white boss so much that he is gladly shot to death by him. In the former, white men go insane because of the 'heart" of the "darkness" revealed by Africa and Africans. In Things Fall Apart Achebe intends to speak to an implied reader who has read books similar to the ones he was made to read in high school. Achebe assumes a knowledge of Africa based upon books such as these, and then turns that "knowledge" on its head by giving the African viewpoint. Colonization had a profound effect upon many parts of the now developing world. Formulated as part economic expansion and part assertion of supposedly superior values and culture by mainly European countries, the effects of colonization were similarly varied. Colonial areas essentially became vassals of their colonial masters. Their economic riches were taken for the good of the colonists and old customs often subsumed within the changes brought about by European education of the elite and the attempts of missionaries to convert the local people to Christianity. Achebe is attempting to put the reader in the shoes of the Africans being influenced by these policies rather than, as is more normal within literature, in the position of the Europeans. In 1914, Lord Frederick Lugard, the governor of the British territories in Nigeria united areas in the North and South of the country into a single colony, thus creating "Nigeria" at a stroke. This was a common occurrence: countries were essentially just drawn on a map with little attention paid to natural geographical, cultural or tribal boundaries. It also played into the idea that all Africans were somehow the 'same': that is, primitive, innately stupid and dangerous unless treated with a carefully harsh hand. There were no differences in culture to the colonial's eyes, or if there were, they were insignificant as the Africans were just "natives" first and members of individual and contrasting groups second. In Things Falling Apart the author takes this tendency to see all Africans as a homogenous whole and turns it on its head. He suggests that Africans are almost as responsible for their lowly state as the colonial powers because they essentially buy into the idea of their supposedly primitive nature. If Africans are not interested in their history and culture, then how can they expect colonial powers to be In the book an attempt is made to show native African culture as complex and sophisticated with various traditions that date back centuries. But this culture was essentially dwarfed and overwhelmed by unimpeded contact with Western culture. Take the example of the Oba leaders called Afins. Under colonialism their wealth tended to disintegrate because their economic system had changed so rapidly. They could no longer benefit from free labor and the chief was no longer allowed to impound properties. The Oba could not support large numbers of wives, children and servants. The Afins were often forced to shut down their large houses and to turn to ordinary work. Achebe argues that all too many Africans are willing to accept the European

ITM 501 MoD 5 SLP Information networks as enterprise glue Essay

ITM 501 MoD 5 SLP Information networks as enterprise glue - Essay Example Problem Identification It can be stated that as technology is running on high tech products backed up with trained IT professionals, there always exist a probability to create problems or even threats while performing various significant operational functions (5 Star Support, 2012; Edwards, 2012). However, the basic problem that seems to affect the whole of the operational processes in relation to information systems is continuous threats associated with virus attacks. The information systems are much prone to be attacked with a varied number of viruses that can permanently damage a system or a computer program (Lawson, 2005). And the worst part about these computer viruses is that these malwares do not get identified every time in the computer system, and affect the computer programs as well as systems incessantly (Pour, 2003). The affect of viruses in computer programs or systems can be duly considered as quite grave resulting in slowing the overall process of the systems (Gizmoâ⠂¬â„¢s Freeware, 2013; Kim & Solomon, 2010). ... In relation to this particular question/aspect, it can be stated that Free Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware Software manufactured by the one of the best technical supports sites i.e. 5-Star Support can be taken into concern for solving the problem. This particular site can be considered as it possess the capability to provide numerous benefits to its users in terms of delivering online services that are free of cost. Moreover, the users can find this particular tech-support site to be quite convenient in relation to its utilization by the users. It is worth mentioning that the aforesaid software comes with various important features that tend to provide the users with error free computing experiences. In this similar concern, the facets comprise easy to use and possessing the capability to save the computer systems from being attacked with viruses (The SANS Institute, 2011; Whitman & Mattord, 2010). Moreover, the other characteristics include identification of different errors that arise in the computer systems or programs, recognition of various symptoms of viruses, determination of possible amount of infections in the systems and most vitally collection of valuable information that can be effectively utilized for ensuring greater protection of the systems. Certain other extended benefits of 5-Star Support can also be apparently observed that the users can avail. These broad benefits include gathering information pertaining to corrupted files, identification of unsolicited emails and developing booting options among others (Gizmo’s Freeware, 2013; Grimes, 2001). Assessment Report The Free Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware Software which manufactures by 5-Star Support might prove to be quite beneficial for resolving all major problems or complexities that arise

Facebook and Knowledge Management

Facebook and Knowledge Management Until the advent of Facebook, no inventor of an Internet-based technology has ever been heralded on TIME Magazine as person of the year (Grossman 2010) until Mark Zuckerberg came up with an invention that ate the world (Grossman 2009). The importance of Facebook as a technological platform has been unparalleled precisely because it has transcended from being a mere digital platform to become a part of the social reality of people around the globe (Naughton 2010). In the Facebook Age, knowledge creation has become ubiquitous. People transmit and consume knowledge every second as they share information, thoughts, opinions, and multimedia (Richardson 2010). This innovation started out as a college tradition before becoming a social networking site (Grossman 2007). Facebooks launch occurred in 2004 in a Harvard dorm room and started out as a networking for undergraduate students (Fuglsang 2008, p. 13). Students get introduced to one another using photographs into a physical facebook patt erned after Hot or Not where students got to vote who looked hotter in compared photos (Schwartz 2003). From its origin as a networking tool, Zuckerberg developed it into a web-based service where members can post their profiles containing information such as birth dates, employment, interests, favourite books, favourite music, and others (Schonfeld, 2008). Moreover, the service enabled people to privately communicate with each other through messages or by posting a message on someones wall (Richardson 2010). During his interviews, Zuckerberg underscores the motivation behind Facebook: enhancing real connections (Grossman 2010). His theory revolves around the fact that people communicate most naturally and effectively with those they know friends, family, and associates. All Facebook did was to provide information to a set of applications through which people want to share information, photos or videos or events (Calrson 2010). Today, Facebook is a way of life for millions of peopl e, which as of January 2011 total 600 million users (Carlson 2011). Due to its phenomenal rise and usage, Facebook has become a significant product that has several implications for the practice of knowledge management. How Facebook has revolutionised collaboration for knowledge management One area where technology has become a crucial tool for knowledge management has been in collaboration. Among the fundamental goals of knowledge management is to improve organizational performance by enabling individuals to capture, share, and apply their collective knowledge to make optimal decisionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in real time (Smith and Farquhar 2000, p. 17). Knowledge management goes beyond technology facilitating information sharing and collaboration; it creates and sustains communities of practice, copes with culture and behavior of people, and creates trust and validated content (Payne 2007).The use of technology for collaboration has vastly changed from what it meant 10 years ago. The evolution could be divided into stages: Disks and file transfers via email. Before, collaboration referred to the process of transferring files one-by-one via email or passing around floppy disks. This proved time-consuming for people and difficult to retrieve information; labelling was either incomplete, out-of-date, or the contextual information was vague. The effect was that people took too much time browsing in order to retrieve data (Adler and Kwon 2002). Network drives. After file transfers came the more advanced collaboration tool by using network drives so that all folders can now be accessed by all through a local network. Yet, this system of collaboration posed problems: it was limited by memory and attention spans and personal connections. People still relied on others to determine where data can be retrieved. A linear relationship existed between the time required to manage data and the size or number of data being managed. Hence, managing data was still time-consuming and people found minimal incentives in dealing with data or information management. Web-based software solutions. The advent of the Internet made collaboration easier especially when Web-based collaboration software was developed by companies. A case in point is Microsoft SharePoint which offered features that allowed the smooth flow of information: alerts, document libraries, forms, surveys, discussion boards, personal profiles, categorizations, and functions such as pulling information from data sources on the Web (Payne 2007). Despite expanding access to resources and organizing data at the same time protecting information, what lacked was a critical element of the collaboration process: user participation. Social networking. Encouraging people to become active participants in the knowledge management process is a challenge. With the popularity of social networking sites like Facebook, knowledge management has now considered the use of the social media approach to stimulate collaboration (Shih 2009). Facebook offers not merely a platform where people exchange information it also enhances satisfaction and emotional gratification because the engagement becomes personal and hence, more fun. Effective collaboration requires two primary elements: adoption (number of teams having access to the system) and engagement (number of people regularly using the system) (Alavi and Leidner 2001). Social media such as Facebook has revolutionised the way knowledge management among organisations has been defined. Current state of the art of Facebook: a review From a simple networking technology, Facebook has progressed and evolved in terms of interface and interaction for users, ability for knowledge creation, as well as potential threats to knowledge creation (Gawer 2009). Interface and interaction for users. Many interface changes have been made to address privacy issues and improve page management for Facebook users. Some of these changes were received positively and negatively. On the one hand, the new privacy features limited knowledge sharing and exchange while on the other hand, it also enhanced trust during the knowledge exchange. Some of the following listed here are the major interface changes in Facebook: May 2006 Networks are expanded to workplaces as well as colleges and high schools. September 2006 News Feed and Mini-Feed are added, aggregating profile changes of friends. New privacy settings are made available. Additionally, registration is expanded so anyone can join. May 2007 Facebook launches their Applications platform. July 2007 Facebook removes the profile field that allows users to list their courses. March 2008 New privacy controls are added (Lampe, Ellison and Steinfeld 2008). October 2010 Facebook changed user interface to accommodate its Groups feature. The Edit Notifications button was changed to Edit Settings and users have the option to opt out (Constine 2010) February 2011- Providing one-click link for various administrative tasks, removal of tabs for page improvement, a new masthead composing five images latest to be added (called Photostrip) (Ware 2011) Ubiquity in knowledge creation. What makes Facebook lead its rivals such as MySpace is its friendliness to third-party application developers. Facebook developed an application programming interface (API) which developers can now use and take advantage of in the context of social networking at Facebook. Developers can now utilize user social graphs and from there design applications which would enhance user interaction in a myriad of ways. Aside from user interaction, businesses stand to gain from API because advertising and financial transaction functionalities can also be integrated. However, the key element to the ubiquitous knowledge creation in Facebook is the news feed which has already been patented to Zuckerberg. Developers could now tap into the social graph of users and create applications of all types that would allow people to interact in new and interesting ways. Once a user posts information, status, media, or installs an application, a message kicks off and appears in the news feeds of all the users friends (Treadaway and Smith 2009, p. 186). For November 2007, more than 7,000 applications were developed using the Facebook Platform or roughly 100 every day (Rampell 2007). There were over 400,000 registered application developers (Ustinova 2008). Moreover, Facebook simplifies gathering and connecting information between images, videos, and text. Its structure allows individuals (nodes) to be connected to information from non-connected individuals; for instance, a user can view messages through the news feed made by unconnected contacts to the users friends. Moreover, groups are able to create knowledge based on interest such as social or political groups or a group of experts exchanging knowledge. Another interesting feature that enhances knowledge creation is Notes which allows individuals to create content on topics or concepts (Kirkpatrick 2010). People may respond through the comment facility which refines and develops information further. Som e of the numerous features which Facebook has that contribute to knowledge creation include: liking; comment; ratings; threaded conversations; feeds; automatic updates when specific things of interest happen; the ability to ask questions (survey); the ability to make requests; and the ability to pass word along about things that are happening (Hearn 2008, Gawer 2009). Factors that help or hinder KM when using Facebook. While Facebooks API platform has made knowledge creation and knowledge sharing easier, it has also raised questions of privacy. Some of the popular apps that Facebook has have become spam or in some cases, relayed identifying information without users consent (Acohido 2011). These are then transmitted to advertising companies and Internet tracking businesses (Steele and Fowler 2010). Privacy issues have affected nearly 10 million Facebook users; this issue is forecast by some tech experts to plague Facebook for years to come (Malbon 2011). The impact of Facebook of KMS Knowledge work. Facebook has facilitated the process in which users share their knowledge with a group of other users or an organisation (Hearn 2008, p. 74). The sharing of knowledge can be within a closed or open community. In the knowledge sharing process, users possess the knowledge they contribute (Van Grogh 1998, p. 151). This means that the identity of the users is known and associated with the contributions. Ideally, users have full control over the content with respect to granting and withdrawing access rights for sharing, grouping, and annotating contributions (Alavi and Leidner 2001) but loopholes in Facebook has led to significant privacy control issues (Van Grove 2010). Collaboration communication. Mass collaboration using digital technologies like Facebook is transforming all aspects of the knowledge society even more rapidly than envisioned (Howlett 2010, p. 21). These users can give hints, make suggestions how to solve the problem, or give concrete solution directions (Choi and Lee 2003). Private communication between the users through the collaborative problem-solving platform is not possible, thus all feedback, hints, answers, and solutions provided are visible to all users of the community (Golder and Huberman 2006). There are however features which allow for private communication. Management. Facebook has had several implications for management. First, there is the perceived loss of productivity because of excessive engagement with social networking sites. An article featured in The Economist stated that an IT company lost over 1.4 billion pounds (USD 2.3 billion) yearly due to overuse of social networks during working hours. The same article cited how banning Facebook from the workplace would improve productivity (Yammering away at the office 2011). However, Facebook has also revolutionised the recruitment process because it has made information transparent. In fact, almost half (47%) of executives in the U.S. reported that they browsed through the Facebook pages of potential candidates and from that information, made decisions pertaining recruitment (Anonymous no more 2010). Trust issues. Perhaps the biggest issue with Facebook in relation to knowledge management is trust (Schwartz 2011a). Privacy experts have repeatedly indicated that Facebook sent user information to its advertising through cookies (Van Grove 2010). Essentially, Facebook is said to have deanonymised the whole social networking process and only when the issue gained significant media mileage did Facebook act (Malbon 2010). The future of Facebook The future of Facebook with respect to KMS seems bright but if it is unable to resolve privacy issues, it may find itself out of the lead (Schwartz 2011b). Facebook may lead to fast and easy knowledge creation but the high participation of end users presents problems such as privacy issues and low productivity. The Facebook Platform allows the integration of different kinds of knowledge particularly the integration of applications and the constant creation of content (Gawer 2009, p. 134; Kirkpatrick 2010). Facebook, when properly managed, can provide knowledge management support for professional organisations as well as of non-professional organisations.

All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

All Quiet on the Western Front  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The remains of Paul Baumer's company had moved behind the German front lines for a short rest at the beginning of the novel. After Behm became Paul's first dead schoolmate, Paul viewed the older generation bitterly, particularly Kantorek, the teacher who convinced Paul and his classmates to join the military, feeling alone and betrayed in the world that they had left for him. Paul's generation felt empty and isolated from the rest of the world due to the fact that they had never truly established any part of themselves in civilian life. At boot camp, Himmelstoss abused Paul and his friends, yet the harassment only brought them closer together and developed a strong spirit amongst them. Katczinsky, or Kat, was soon shown to be a master scavenger, being able to provide the group with food or virtually anything else; on this basis Paul and him grew quite close. Paul's unit was assigned to lay barbed wire on the front line, and a sudden shelling resulted in the severe wounding of a recruit that Paul had comforted earlier. Paul and Kat again strongly questioned the War. After Paul's company were returned to the huts behind the lines, Himmelstoss appeared and was insulted by some of the members of Paul's unit, who were then only mildly punished. During a bloody battle, 120 of the men in Paul's unit were killed. Paul was given leave and returned home only to find himself very distant from his family as a result of the war. He left in agony knowing that his youth was lost forever. Before returning to his unit, Paul spent a little while at a military camp where he viewed a Russian prisoner of war camp with severe starvation problems and again questioned the values that he had grown up with contrasted to the values while fighting the war. After Paul returned to his unit, they were sent to the front. During an attack, Paul killed a French soldier. After discovering that this soldier had a family, Paul was deeply shattered and vowed to prevent other such wars. Paul's unit was assigned to guard a supply depot of an abandoned village, but he and Kropp were soon wounded when trying to escape from the village. Paul headed back to the front, only to engage in final battles where all of his friends were killed. The death of Kat was particularly hard for Paul because they were very close. One month before the Armistice, Paul was killed.

Indirect Taxes

Using the appropriate diagrams, explain why the relative burden (incidence) of an indirect tax on the producers & on the consumer varies depending on the price elasticity of demand for the good/product. Indirect Tax is a tax placed upon the selling price of a product, so it raises the firm’s cost and shifts the supply curve left or vertically upwards depending on the amount of tax. Because of this shift, less products will be supplied at every price. The diagram below shows the effect of imposing a tax and how the tax is being paid. There’re two types of indirect taxes, they are ‘Specific Taxes’ and ‘Ad Valorem’.Specific Tax is a fixed amount of tax that is imposed on a product. For example, if the government imposes a tax of $2 per loaf of bread, it will shift the supply curve vertically upwards by the amount of tax, which is S2. This is shown by the diagram below. Ad Valorem, also known as ‘percentage tax’, is a percentage of tax from the selling price of a good. In this case, the supply curve will not shift directly upwards because the gap between the ‘price’ and the ‘price + tax’ will get bigger as the price rises. For example, a packet of cigarette costs $10.If the government imposes a 20% tax per packet, the tax on each packet of cigarette would be $2. This is shown by the diagram below. When the government puts a tax on a product, the product’s price will usually increase in order to achieve maximum profit. Which means that the quantity demanded for the product is likely to decrease. If the demand for a product is very elastic, then a price increase as a result of the imposition of a tax on the product will lead to a relatively large fall in the demand for the product. For example, Waitrose pasta and Tesco Value pasta both cost $5 per pack.However the price of Waitrose pasta increases to $6 because of the rise in tax. This would result an immediate change in demand from Waitrose pasta to Tesco Value pasta instead. This means that the Tesco Value pasta consumers would carry on buying pasta from Tesco, whiles a lot of the Waitrose pasta consumers would switch to buy pasta from Tesco instead of Waitrose. This can be shown by the diagram below. On the other hand, if the government imposes a tax on a product where demand is relatively inelastic, the demand for product will not fall significantly despite the huge rise in price.For example, coffee and tea both cost $5, but coffee has become an absolutely essential drink in the morning, whiles tea is just for people’s interest. If the price of the coffee rises significantly to $10 and the price of tea stays the same, the coffee demanded will not change a lot because people still see it as a necessity good (a good that we can’t live without, or won’t likely to cut back on even when times are tough), and therefore the change in demand would only decrease by a little. This is shown by th e diagram below.As we can see from the two diagrams above, the share of the tax burden from consumers and producers varies. The reason for that is because the price elasticity of the demand and supply for the product costs a different shift towards the supply curve. Another reason is because there are other firms (different numbers of firms, the size of a firm) producing the same good, causing competition. Therefore, the relative burden of an indirect tax on the producers and consumers would vary depending on the price elasticity of demand for the good/product.

Fun with Education Essay Essay Example

Fun with Education Essay Essay Example Fun with Education Essay Essay Fun with Education Essay Essay In a general sense. ‘education’ means a signifier of larning procedure in which cognition. accomplishments. and wonts of a group of people are transferred from one coevals to the following through learning. preparation and research. Consequently. instruction aims at the physical. rational. religious and moral development of adult male. Education simply does non give cognition to a human being and enabling him to gain his support. But it does much more than this. Nowadays. what we can see the society as a hereafter instructor is the pupils do non hold an involvement in larning by the manner of ‘chalk and talk’ any longer. : They prefer something new from the instructors which are more interesting and merriment. One of the most effectual ways is including games in instruction and acquisition procedure. Education can be fun through games. As a athleticss instructor. we can construct our student’s potency. Games are a mean of maintaining the organic structure healthy and fit. Indeed. good wellness is the first status of felicity in life so those who play games by and large maintain good wellness. For illustration. athleticss teacher can make interesting games that can assist pupils in constructing up their critical thought accomplishments besides physical strength. They can larn different types of accomplishments such as throwing. passing. and kicking in athleticss like hoops. football and others. On top of that. instruction can besides include vocals which are signifiers of amusement. In this manner. we can do our category more interesting and pupils will be entertained. From the vocal wordss. we can smooth our student’s linguistic communication and vocabulary besides doing larning more merriment. They can besides larn to show their emotions through vocals as vocals can be a good remedy for emphasis. Furthermore. instruction can be fun through function playing. We can affect our pupils move out a play which may assist to better their playing accomplishments and ego assurance. Indirectly. they will be able to show their ideas through role-play in a signifier of voice projection. facial look and besides organic structure linguistic communication. Apart from that. they can beef up their memorizing accomplishments excessively. This is because they need to memorise their books. As we know. the universe we are populating today is engineering dominated and everything can be done fast and ferocious. For illustrations. cell phones. instant java machine. one hour-photo stores and cyberspace can assist us to finish our undertaking in a short clip. In short. engineering makes the universe moves faster than the past. But. instruction does non hold any cutoff for us to make the finish. We must larn measure by measure. Practice makes perfect. So. we take clip to accomplish our ends in the field of instruction. In a nutshell. we can do instruction merriment in many ways such as games and vocals. Therefore. we can do our schoolroom full of joy and pupils will non experience bored while larning from the instructors. Besides. pupils will be able to believe out of the box. With this. the ends of ‘fun in education’ could be achieved.

Animal Farm Essay Complete

Animal Farm Essay Complete Animal Farm Essay Complete ‘A knowledge of the Russian Revolution is needed to truly understand Animal Farm.’ To what extent do you agree? George Orwell’s Animal Farm – published in 1945 – is a satirical allegory on the Russian Revolution. Orwell explained in his preface that the novel was his method of, â€Å"exposing the Soviet myth,† which generated a great amount of controversy at the time. He states this piece was intended to clear all misconceptions of the Soviet ideals of ‘everyone being equal’ and exploited all its flaws. The characters play major roles in retelling the Russian Revolution, with the plot’s events strongly resembling the historical timeline. Animal Farm can also be read as a fable, with only the less obscure morals within being conceived. For such reasons, the novel can be read without background knowledge; however a brief understanding of the Russian Revolution is necessary to unveil the deeper allegorical elements Orwell is portraying to the readers. Orwell utilises his characters to recreate the Russian Revolution and imitate the prominent figures and classes of society involved. In the opening, Old Major is introduced as the leader of the farm animals, to symbolise the likes of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, who were both significant in establishing the foundations of communism. Old Major organises a gathering for the animals to share knowledge of a dream in which he comes to the realisation that â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing†¦ yet he is lord of all the animals† and they must rebalance the inequalities placed upon them through â€Å"work night and day†¦ for the overthrow of the human race†. This speech was heavily based upon Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and Old Major was used to captured the same essence of it, essentially exposing the flaws of capitalism and a rebellion must occur of a â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat† to counter this. A hierarchy is created in the animals to symbolise the different ‘classes’ of the time. The animals are categorised in order of significance through a hierarchy as they congregate at Old Major’s meeting. The more influential animals are introduced with more complexity, as â€Å"first came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pig† and the level of detail gradually decreases through the progression of the characters until it is merely â€Å"last of all came the cat† which does not bother to specify detail, thus drawing more attention toward the aforementioned animal’s influential presence over their peers. The pigs use the dogs to reinforce their reign over the other animals and abuse their power, similar to Stalin’s control of the KGB to do his bidding. Napoleon takes on the responsibility to â€Å"wean† the dogs and â€Å"make himself responsible for their education,† which ultimately leads to their transformatio n into â€Å"huge dogs†¦ as fierce-looking as wolves†; mindless murderers on Napoleons command, and a representation of Stalin’s abuse of power over the KGB to assassinate and execute anybody who opposed his leadership. Each individual character is a representation in itself to convey messages of their purpose in the society and acts as a summary of the complex, more expansive back story of the Russian Revolution. Many of the plot elements follow the events of the Russian Revolution to explore the manipulation that occurred. After Snowball is accused of betrayal, Napoleon then places him in exile, akin to the happenings of the Russian Revolution. Napoleon appears to be against Snowball’s ideas of â€Å"the pigs†¦ should decide all questions of farm policy,† as long as it were â€Å"ratified by a majority vote,† and sends â€Å"nine enormous dogs†¦ into the barn† to attack Snowball who â€Å"sprang†¦ just in time to escape.† This mirrors Trotsky’s exile as he began to criticise Stalin’s Communist Party, in this case depicted through his straying away and leaning toward democracy, which lead to his removal from the Communist party and exile from Russia. The Battle of the Cowshed represents

Planning and Implementing Financial Management Approaches Essay

Planning and Implementing Financial Management Approaches - Essay Example The company is a family business, and has enjoyed brisk sales for the past three years. Team: Store management. Briefly described, the team is in charge of the conduct of day-to-day operations of the store. Team members ensure the shelves are well-stocked, put out the order for deliveries when inventory runs low, adjust prices according to promotional campaigns, and attend to the general maintenance of store equipment and facilities. Type of team budgets: Monthly cash budgets One of the financial plans the team is guided by is the monthly cash budget, a short-term planning and monitoring tool which aids in the planning of cash flows, predicting short-term shortfalls, and monitoring the collection of accounts receivables. Forecasted cash shortfalls enable store management to make the decision as to whether it could draw down on its credit facility with the bank, to cover short-term cash needs when cash at hand is unable to meet the cash needed to cover the month’s obligations. Task 2: A sample of the monthly cash budget used by the store management team at Vital Essence is shown at the end of this report. The purpose of the cash budget is to guide the store manager’s decision as to enhancing store cash sales as well as credit sales, collecting accounts receivables, and disbursing cash in payment of expenses; it is the aim of management to ensure that sufficient cash is available to settle the month’s obligations, thereby avoiding penalties and surcharges associated with past-due accounts. The prompt settlement of fees is also important to maintain the company’s good credit standing among its suppliers and financiers. Achievability – The cash budget shown is considered achievable, because while shortfalls are expected at the beginning of the year, this is seen to be diminishing within the first quarter, and the store is able to attain positive cashflow in the fourth month of the year. Short-term cash inadequacy can be supplement ed by a short-term bank loan which may be resolved by the second quarter of the year. Accuracy – The cash budget plan is not entirely accurate, since it is essentially a forecast and much of the bases for arriving at the amounts are speculative. There are also events during the year which may affect the sales, cash flow, and disbursements in ways which cannot be foreseen at the time the budget was being prepared. It is reasonably accurate, however, for the purpose of observing how any variations in cash flow may affect the activities of the store, and may inform concerning contingency measures that may be taken; therefore, it is also a risk-management tool. Comprehensiveness – The cash budget is not very comprehensive, because there are items which it may have failed to take into consideration because the likelihood of their occurrence in indeterminate. What are usually included in a forward-looking budget are those which are recurrent and have occurred regularly in th e past, or at least with predictability if not regularity, so that the planner has sufficient bases upon which to value the possible cash receipt or disbursement. Task 3 Contingency plan Consequences if the situation or event occurred If only a minor deviation in the plan occurred, then there are no serious consequences foreseen, only an equally minor adjustment may be involved. However, a number of serious consequen

LAW OF TORTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LAW OF TORTS - Essay Example Trespass is identified as a form of redress in case of direct or indirect injury and the system also recognises other civil actions such as defamation as going to be explained in detail below. In the case of tort law, the person who suffers injuries is called a plaintiff and the person who has inflicted those injuries is called a defendant. It is of paramount importance for the claimant to be able to prove that the negligent behaviour of the defendant has caused injuries or loss of business. There are traditionally three elements in the tort action which the plaintiff has to prove in order to be successful in winning the claim. There is need to prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty by falling below expected standards and the defendant’s conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic harm (http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tort+Law). Where it can be proved, recovery for loss can be effected by the court of law. As going to be discussed in detail below, there is need to establish three elements in tort action. Tort action also encompasses negligence which is described as the act of doing something a reasonable man would not do and a plaintiff must prove in such a case that the defendant owes a duty of care (Donoghue V. Stevenson 1932). The House of Lords in the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman (1990), proposed the adoption of the following conditions where the three stages should be taken into consideration which include; foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability. In some cases it may not always follow that a duty of care exists but common sense ought to prevail to avoid an otherwise serious injury to another person or loss of business or profit. Due to the fact that a person may deliberately expose someone to danger or a situation which can cause losses leaves him liable to negligent behaviour where he is