Madoffs Fraud Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Madoffs Fraud Case - Research Paper Example He said that he earned the capital he invested in the business from Far Rockaway as lifeguard earnings. His firm was a major contributor to the growth of Nasdaq and boasts of succeeding in creating a system where brokers who mostly had traded in the New York Stock Exchange could do more business with the Nasdaq. When news that the business executive had been defrauding the investors and that the firm was nothing but a scam went public, it became a shock for most people. The scheme was a well-organized plan by a number of people to convince the regulators, investors, and visitors in the firms’ office that trading was going on while in real since it was not. In fact, there was no trading in the company for most of its life, with Mr. DiPascali an employee, revealing that he discovered that the company was not trading at all since the late 1980s. In addition, the firm also used a program that generated numbers randomly to choose the people to award-trading orders to, which happene d in varying intervals and in different increments. In such a case, it is unlikely for the investors to face charges for being victims of injustice (Efrati, 2009). However, Efrati, (2009) explains that two of the biggest investors in the firm, who had invested and trusted the firm with billions of dollars, got involved in the case, and the prosecution dragged them individually as well as their foundations to court to face charges. Instead of winning sympathy from the prosecutors and the judge, as they faced the charge of conspiring with the managers to defrauding other investors in the company. In a Manhattan court, Peter Madoff confessed among other crimes that he had faked documents and lied to regulators, which helped his elder brother Bernard Madoff to perpetuate the biggest of all investment frauds. The multi-billion dollar fraud scheme, known as the Ponzi scheme, defrauded investors of their invested capital during the collapse of Benard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC inv estment firm owned by Bernard Madoff. According to his confession in the court, Peter said that the investment sham caught him in shock when his brother told him the truth in the December of 2008 but said that he helped to divert the firm’s remaining funds to friends and family of the Madoffs. The employees forged documents that created a wrong impression of the company as trading and lured them into getting into the contracts and later lost their money. During his confession, Peter apologized for his irresponsible behavior, which is nothing, compared to the number of losses that investors suffered under his watch. For Peter, pleading guilty for his actions did not let him walk free after the judge sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment (Bray & Lauricella, 2009). The sentence also requires him to forfeit all his personal assets that include a Ferrari and more than 10 million dollars in cash. The sentence did not spare his wife and daughter, where he is required to forfeit the ir assets too. According to Peter, Bernard always acted as the boss, without giving his younger brother a chance for dialog. Despite this, he had an option of choosing not to honor his brother’s commands and do the right thing. He contributed to losses estimated at 17 billion dollars, money owned by the company on behalf of the investors, of which he promised to recover 11 billion.  

Sanlu milk powder Essay Example for Free

Sanlu milk powder Essay Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act, such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same kind. Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as maximizing total benefit and reducing suffering or the negatives. It also makes classic utilitarianism subject to attack from many angles. Persistent opponents posed plenty of problems for classic utilitarianism. Each objection led some utilitarians to give up some of the original claims of classic utilitarianism. By dropping one or more of those claims, descendants of utilitarianism can construct a wide variety of moral theories. Advocates of these theories often call them consequentialism rather than utilitarianism so that their theories will not be subject to refutation by association with the classic utilitarian theory. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social performance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Milton Friedman and others have argued that a corporations purpose is to maximize returns to its shareholders, and that since only people can have social responsibilities, corporations are only responsible to their shareholders and not to society as a whole. They assert that corporations have no other obligation to society. (Freeman, 1984) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) essentially requires companies to conduct business beyond compliance with the law and beyond shareholder wealth maximization. It suggests that companies should do more than they are obligated under applicable laws governing product safety, environmental protection, labor rights, human rights, community development, corruption, and so on; it also suggests that companies should consider not only the interests of shareholders but also those of other stakeholders (e. g. , employees, consumers, suppliers, and local communities). CSR requires companies to provide not only the quantity of goods, services, and employment but also the quality of life for those whose interests are affected by corporate activities. (Carroll, 2008). Facing the challenge, in order to protect and expand the market, on one hand improve the Sanlu milk purchase cost, on the other hand, through the continuous low prices, unfair competition and reduce the product quality. At the same time, Sanlu Company launched the infant formula milk powder or occupation of the rural market, adding excipient, is as high as 40%. If the production in accordance with national quality standards enterprises not only profits, but also serious losses. Vicious competition led to price higher than the cost, one of the value and price inversion phenomenon is the direct cause of Sanlu milk powder incident. (Wu, 2007) Rethink of Corporate Social Responsibility by Sanlu Milk Incident Ethic problems in Sanlu Incident have the following aspects: (1) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the government; (2) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the competitors; (3) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the consumers; (4) Ethic relationship among the enterprise, consumers, and government. The analysis is made step by step as follows.

Religion vs magic in dealing with problems Essay -- essays research pa

All societies and human beings have a set of beliefs for ordering the world. Religion and magic are belief systems used by many societies. This essay will discuss the function and moral dimensions of both magic and religion, and focus on the need to explore human beliefs and behaviours in the context of the society in which they occur. I will also discuss the way in which magic and religion use various processes to provide psychological reassurance to individuals, leading to the conclusion that both belief systems incorporate equally rational ways of dealing with problems. Religion can be seen as an overarching controlling force in the universe that sustains the moral and social order of the people, serving to validate people’s lives. The main purposes of religion function to set a moral code and sense of community and security, to explain misfortunes in life and most importantly, to help people through crisis and problems, providing hope and faith. There is some evidence of hostility in Western belief systems toward magic, with magic tending to be understood as an erroneous and unreliable belief knowledge system. Some anthropologists believe it is necessary to distinguish between religion and magic, seeing religion as a rational belief system and magic as irrational. Many evolutionist anthropologists maintain the belief that magic and religion equate to different stages of social evolution, holding that ‘the deeper minds may be conceived to have made the great transition from magic to religion’ (Frazer, J 1890). This phrase is misl eading because it suggests that some societies are less complex, rational or primitive than other ‘advanced’ societies, enhancing the common misconception that religion is a more rational way of dealing with problems than magic is. Religion is generally associated with developed cultures and magic is associated with undeveloped, so-called primitive cultures, hence encouraging the idea that magic belongs to superstitious, irrational individuals with limited intellectual abilities. Magic, through various forms including activities and rituals, provides a means to influence the supernatural. It is a way of gaining information about the unknown, and also gives a sense of control over events and happenings of life. Magic, like religion, provides meaning and purpose, reducing uncertainty, effectively counteracting the forces of fe... ... breadth of experience in terms of something fundamental. There is a basic human unwillingness to think of the universe as random†¦For events that have moral dimensions, as unexpected misfortunes do, we often seek moral causes (Bowen, J. 1988:88). Both magic and religion, with differing methods, aim to seek patterns, causes and reasons for things. There is little point distinguishing between magic and religion. They both provide a way of dealing with problems, are rational within the context of society they exist in, and in some cases, coexist in society. Anthropologists should explore what forms of religion and magic mean to people, how they help to make sense of the world and solve problems, and how they give meaning and direction to different forms of human existence (Eriksen 1995:211). References: Bowen, J. R. 1998. Explaining misfortune: witchcraft and sorcery. Chapter 5 of J.R. Bowen Religions in Practice: An Approach to the Anthropology of Religion. Allyn and Bacon. Eriksen, T. H 2001. Small Places, Large Issues: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. London: Pluto Press. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1965. Theories of Primitive Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

The Pros and Cons of The Belmont Honor Code Essay -- Argumentative Per

The Pros and Cons of The Belmont Honor Code To thine own self be true, as Shakespeare writes, is the fundamental principle that defines honesty. Although a variety of factors influence one's decision to be honest, the primary reason to choose integrity is to be true to oneself. Part of being true to oneself is recognizing the need for individualism. Individualism is the state in which a person is able to take in the events of the surrounding world and discern for himself which practices he or she will participate in. The importance of individualism is engraved in Belmont University's purpose statement, yet it is unclear whether or not individualism is valued because of the university's new honor code system. Is forcing Belmont students to comply to an honor code enabling them to make decisions for their own individual selves? On the first page of Belmont's internet web site, one might assume that Belmont is a university that focuses solely on the individual. According to the statement on the web page introduction, "there is a strong distinction between capturing individual spirit and freezing it. It is the line that divides being squeezed into a mold and being cheered as you shape a life to fit yourself. There is no question on which side of the line you'll find Belmont University." Honor code or no honor code, establishing integrity is crucial to developing one's independent self. Often times, those who are dishonest depend on other humans to meet their spiritual and emotional needs. By choosing honesty as a personal choice instead of a mere compliance with Belmont's honor code, one is making the decision for oneself and therefore promoting one's individualism. In weighing the concep... ...ee a decline in academic dishonesty and a multitude of students will be so afraid of failing a class that they will choose to be honest. But, at the same time, how does each individual student benefit from that? Other than that fact that they may take the time to study and actually learn something, the Belmont community that promotes the spirit of the individual will have nothing but simulated honesty and very few students who truly are honest "individuals" by choice and not by force. Works Cited Baylor University Website. www.baylor.edu Belmont Undergraduate Bulletin. 1998-99. 13-56. Belmont University Website. www.belmont.edu. Moore, Susan. "Honor Code Holds Cheaters Accountable." Belmont Vision. 11 Sept. 98. 6. Vanderbilt University Website. www.vanderbilt.edu.

Red Bull Marketing Analysis

Red Bull is the leader of the energy drink market. This company created in 1984 by Dietrich Mateschitz performs an annual turnover of more than 3 billion Euros. As we will see in this report, polemics, nonconformist, genius marketing are, among others, the ingredients that made Red Bull the star product of Energy Drink Segment in the world. For more than 20 years, Red Bull has managed to establish itself brilliantly in the world, which, despite the widespread economic gloom, has always taken a growing interest for this new drink. In this report, we will analyse Red Bull and the environment in which the company evolves, its target and positioning trough marketing tools. It will enable us to understand how Red Bull managed to reach its leader position and to think about some recommendations to further improve its strategy. Why did we choose Red Bull? Most of the people have one day see or heard about the brand Red Bull. Red Bull is an energy drink that comes from the adaptation of the Thai energy drink â€Å"Krating Daeng†, which means â€Å"Red Bull†. There are several reasons that explain why we choose Red Bull Company. The first reason of our choice results in a cultural factor. In fact Red Bull is a product that is targeting young customers. It means that, students are the most concerned by Red Bull so this is a product that can affect any of us. Besides it is a â€Å"trendy product† in others words a fashionable product: nowadays everyone has already tasted a Red Bull. The second reason that pushes us to choose Red Bull Company was because of their Marketing communication, which is revolutionary. Some observers say that Red Bull uses an â€Å"anti-brand† strategy. In fact, the company avoided usual methods of marketing, relying more on what is called ‘buzz marketing' or word-of-mouth: â€Å"viral marketing†. A brand image was created and cultivated which associated the drink with youth culture and extreme and adventure-related sports, such as motor sports, mountain biking, snowboarding†¦ In addition, we also choose Red Bull because without Red Bull there would not even be a market for the other products currently crowding the shelves. Thus, sales of the drink grew quickly from the beginning and Red Bull dominates the world’s energy-drink market with a 40% market share. Finally, what influences our choice too, was because Red Bull even being the leader has to face on how to build on its incredible sales growth and about all, and has to face the health issues concerning the effects of drinking Red Bull. Executive Summary A thorough analysis of Red Bull concludes that the company was set up the Energy Drink Market thanks to its own product, Red Bull energy drink. In fact, without Red Bull there would not even be a market for the other products currently massing the shelves. Now Red Bull is energizing people around the globe, touching down in over a hundred countries worldwide. The Red Bull consumers can be divided into two segments: Students (and Clubbers) and workers. Each of them uses the Red Bull energy drinks to meet their personal needs. At the same time they can obtain physical edges, mental edges or just consumption for pleasure. The ambitions of Red Bull are: maintaining the top-brand status in the energy drink market and clearly distinguish themselves from their competitors, who are marketing almost the same product but with extremely low prices. Red Bull uses every ways of marketing to reach their target groups. Their marketing is mainly based on the â€Å"3 pillars of Red Bull: Sampling, Advertising and sponsoring†. In this way Red Bull is not just promoting their energy drink but is also selling a lifestyle, seemingly people are willing to be a part of this Red Bull extreme sports lifestyle. Due to these extensive marketing efforts Red Bull obtained, and still is maintaining, the largest market share (70%) in the energy drinks market. As initiator of the energy drinks market, Red Bull holds a truly unique product. However the competition is high. Their main objectives are: maintain the lead and expand the market to Asia and Western Europe. To achieve these objectives they can create new products â€Å"Black Red Bull† and focus on new target group such as the younger’s (13-15) and the older (35-50). Company Presentation Dietrich Mateschitz founded the company Red Bull GmbH in 1984. GmbH is the German equivalent of a limited liability company; it stands for ‘Gesellshaft mit beschrankter Haftung'. The company's origins, though, lie in the owner's time spent in Asia. He came across products known as ‘tonic drinks' and saw the chance to market functional drinks outside Asia. One of these tonics, which came from Thailand and was used by workers to stay awake during their shifts, was called Krating Daeng or ‘Red Bull'. Mateschitz approached the manufacturers of the drink and bought the foreign licensing rights in exchange for a 51% stake in his company. When Mateschitz launched the drink in his native Austria, he decided to target young professionals, rather than factory workers, as this younger segment of the population was more affluent and more appreciative of a trendy marketing campaign. The Austrian market has been the first to commercialize the blue and red can with its famous slogan â€Å"It gives you wings†. Today, Red bull company has a turnover of 3 billion euro a year which increased of 7,9% in 2008. The drink is present in 160 countries in the world and it’s the third soda drunk in Europe just behind Pepsi and Coca. Red Bull operates within the energy drinks sector of the soft drinks market. This product is an example of a ‘functional' drink. Functional foods respond to consumer interest in well being and performance. The major multinational soft drinks companies are investing in the area of functional drinks, developing their own brands and buying up existing ones. This is seen as being important, given that their traditional soft drinks markets are at the maturity stage in many countries. For these multinationals, new functional drinks offer opportunities for renewed business growth. Nevertheless, the product was forbidden in some European countries because of the taurine effects and a high rate of caffeine with the European precaution law. But for a few years, mentality evolves and countries are more open-minded and could commercialise this product. In 2010, Red bull is present in 25 European countries but not yet in Denmark for health safety as the Canada. This drink is supposed to give energy to the costumer thanks to a mixture of different ingredients (caffeine, guarana, taurine). The main target is the teenagers and young adults (16-35 years old). We can observe that, it would be pertinent to target teenagers in order to appeal more consumers of energy drink. This drink is sold four times more expensive than others drinks; today it’s  £ 1,60. We can find this product in shops but also in nightclubs. Red Bull has an aggressive international marketing campaign. The numerous sponsored activities range from extreme sports like windsurfing, snowboarding, skateboarding, kayaking, wake boarding, cliff diving, surfing, skating, freestyle motocross, rally, Formula 1 racing (World Champion 2010), and break dancing to art shows, music, and video games. In keeping with their target market of young males, Red Bull has also enlisted help from celebrities, such as Eminem that would appeal to this group (sponsoring the Red Bull â€Å"Em See Battle Rap championships†). It also hosts events like the Red Bull Flugtag and other such contests. Red Bull also sponsors soccer teams, with clubs in Austria, Germany, The United States and Brazil featuring the Red Bull trademark in their names. By associating the drink's image with these activities, the company seeks to promote a â€Å"cool† public image and raise brand power. In addition, the slender container is used to suggest a â€Å"sexier† image than some other cola counterparts. The Red Bull brand is associated with a designer image, energy-giving properties and glamorous lifestyles. These brand qualities have been developed through company sponsorship of sporting activities such as: motorsports, winter sports, base jumping, mountain biking; and cultural events such as the Red Bull Music Academy.

The Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra Tourism Essay Essays

The Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra Tourism Essay Essays The Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra Tourism Essay Essay The Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra Tourism Essay Essay VGKK was founded by Dr. Sudarshan in October 1981 with G.S. Jayadev as financial officer and eight representatives from the Soliga community to work for the public assistance and upliftment of the Soliga folk. The Soliga are a tribal community populating the Biligiri Rangana ( B.R ) and associated hill ranges in Southern Karnataka, largely in Chamarajanagar District, surrounding the Erode territory of Tamil Nadu. Dr. Sudarshan found the land worlds and issues in B.R Hills and his religious values led him to establish an organisation which will be entirely devoted to welfare of tribal community. In the initial old ages, VGKK operations were wholly dependent on generousness of its sympathizers as there was no authorities grants and international involvement. In 1983, VGKK infirmary was built. Dr. Sudarshan s friends from abroad and V. Krishnamoorthy from Bangalore were the first givers to the infirmary. Subsequently on more contributions followed from Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries ( HIVOS ) from Holland, EZE from Germany who donated for tribal lodging and the school edifice undertaking and the Christian Children s Fund, which helped in instruction and community heath. But now, the Kendra gets regular grants from Government of India ministries of wellness, instruction and rural development programmes and works with specialist organisation in different countries. Dr. Sudarshan Born in Yemalur small town, near Bengaluru, in 1950, Sudarshan Reddy decided to go a physician at the age of 12, when he accompanied his male parent to a small town infirmary and his male parent died because of deficiency of medical aid. He graduated from Bangalore Medical College in 1973 and became a physician. In the class of his instruction he found great inspiration in the Hagiographas of Swami Vivekananda, and after a four twelvemonth stretch working with the Ramakrishna Mission, he chose a calling way unlike the norm of prosecuting his medical practise in the metropoliss. Alternatively, he approached Dr. Narasimha who was working in the tribal countries of the Nilgiris. In 1980, as an Integrated Tribal Development Project, Dr. Sudarshan started the Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra ( VGKK ) in the B R Hills part near Mysore. Get downing from wellness, VGKK now covers instruction, authorization and support support, germinating into a comprehensive tribal development programme. Schools set up under VGKK have produced 4 PhD holders from the Soligas community, all of whom are functioning their community in different ways. In schools, tribals are taught to beef up their roots. They are taught in their ain idiom and encouraged to portion their cognition about woods, traditional patterns and appreciate their rich cultural heritage. Building on the work done with the Soligas, Dr. Sudarshan founded the Karuna Trust, in 1986. It is affiliated to VGKK, and is chiefly involved with Integrated Rural Development in Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh and Orissa. Dr. Sudarshan is the receiver of many awards for his work with the Soligas. In 1994, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, besides known as Alternative Nobel Prize, for demoing how tribal civilizations can lend to a procedure that secures the basic rights and cardinal demands of autochthonal people and conserve their environment. He received the Padma Shri Award in 2000. Dr. Sudarshan has held many outstanding places during his calling. VGKK Activities Health Care: This section of VGKK Started with healing wellness services. Then for Community wellness attention whooping cough epidemic plan was initiated. Later on other service related to wellness attention of tribal community were added. The tribal infirmary consists of 20- beds, X ray, research lab, pharmaceutics supplying free wellness attention to the tribals. It caters to 20,000 Soliga tribals and a few other forest-dwelling tribals of other territories. The young person from the community are trained as wellness workers, X-ray technician, research lab technicians and nurses. The wellness activities include nomadic medical unit which includes a physician with tribal wellness worker and driver who carries indispensable drugs and goes to different countries and provides healing services. It besides includes integrating of attested traditional patterns of wellness attention and showing and certification of Soliga population with instance records. Education: In 1981, VGKK School was started with six pupils but now entire of 566 pupils study at that place. This school is a residential school from category 1st to 10th, which provides embarkation installations, books, and muss installations free of cost to the kids. The school serves the Soliga folk from four talukas Yelandur, Kollegal, Chamarajanagar, and Nanjanagud. It provides basic instruction and vocational preparation for members of the Soliga folk. Asha supports instruction of kids in the distant crossroadss of BR Hills for whom the local schools are excessively far away. The instructors go and visit the crossroadss to learn the kids. Asha besides supports the vocational preparation plan. Adjustment installations: Isolated huts made of concrete in the campus provide adjustment to the pupils. These huts consist of a individual room and a bathroom. Bunk beds are used in the room. Children slumber on mats rolled out on the floor excessively. Each hut accommodates 10 to 12 kids. Twenty such huts help suit the 200 kids who stay in the VGKK campus. Mess installations: The nutrient provided at VGKK runs on a tight budget. There is great emphasis on a balanced repast. The nutrient provides a right mix of proteins, saccharides and amylum to the pupils. However, it consists of a simple fret, rasam and buttermilk to travel with the rice. The kids carry their ain home bases which they wash punctually after the repast. The sense of subject VGKK imparts is apparent in the Mess Hall, as the kids recite vocals and supplications thanking God for the nutrient they receive. The repasts commence merely after all the pupils have been served. Similarly, the pupils are taught the importance of nutrient and are encouraged non to waste. Livelihood security and Biodiversity preservation: Tribal people and VGKK is assisting forest section in contending against menaces tom biodiversity like granite quarrying, poaching and smuggling. VGKK provides support to tribal people in assorted patterns like honey extraction, doing berry juices, doing tapers, weaving silk, etc. Funding for the School VGKK receives assistance from both the Central and State Government in running the school. The Cardinal Government provides an assistance of INR 600 per month for 150 pupils at the institute, whereas the State Government provides an assistance of INR 50 per month for each kid. To avail this, VGKK is expected to bear at least 10 % disbursals of running the school on its ain. Often, VGKK spends more than this stipulated 10 % for which it receives funding from a few corporate givers such as the Infosys Foundation. An of import point to observe here is that the disbursals spoken of here include the costs of books, nutrient and letter paper for all the pupils. VGKK besides runs a library and secondary school for the pupils utilizing these grants. The tiffin VGKK provides is covered under the Mid-day Meal strategy of the State Government for the 300 pupils who do non remain in the VGKK premises. Livelihood through VGKK VGKK markets the forest green goods and compensates the villagers for the same. The chief merchandises that VGKK sells are honey, jamun and amla juice, wax tapers and ghee. VGKK besides makes cane furniture utilizing the wood in the wood. This is put to utilize in the Gorukana resort. Most of the husbandmans in the tribal crossroadss near VGKK grow java. This is sold to a co-operative from Coorg who give them a compensation of Rs. 200 per kg for the same. The villagers besides sell green chili which demands a rate of Rs. 300 per kg. VGKK provides employment chances in the campus and Gorukana to many villagers in the nearby Muddugadagadde. In fact, Gorukana employs 30 tribals out of its sum of 40 employees. Hence, it would be just to state that VGKK provides all-around chances for the tribal hapless as a agency of guaranting their societal independency. Gorukana Ecotourism Resort To ease the authorization and sustainable development of people in BR hills, Dr. Sudarshan has included a net income constituent in partnership with touristry, preservation and communities. Gorukana is a community based for-profit enterprise. It is one of the constituents of VGKK and is a sustainable theoretical account for Eco-Tourism where all the net incomes and benefits that this resort makes go to the development of tribal people and the preservation of the Wildlife and Nature of BR Hills. There are many installations which Gorukana offers like bungalows, collapsible shelter house, tree house, booming, java saloon, conference room, Ayurvedic wellness centre, campaign, trekking, Ayurvedic greening centre, cultural experience, dress shop, etc. Gorukana is committed to the people of BR Hills and VGKK. They sponsor developing for tribal young person in different facets of Eco-Tourism. The employee naturalists who are the pupils of VGKK s Job Oriented Course in Forestry Local Soligas consitute75 % of their staff. They besides provide them employment in other community undertakings, small town and nature Tourss, cultural programmes etc. Gorukana will enable VGKK to acquire a changeless watercourse of gross to back up its tribal development activities. They promote local endeavors based on local resources such lantanna furniture, pickles, juices etc. They sell VGKK s merchandises that are manufactured and produced by the people of the BR Hills tribal community. Gorukana seeks environmentally sustainable economic growing by minimising visitant impacts on home ground, native civilizations, wild life and local communities by offering literature, taking, briefings, by illustration, engagement in preservation activities, taking disciplinary actions, and other appropriate agencies. Gorukana will enable the support and executing of several biodiversity preservation and research undertakings. Situation Analysis Porter s 5 Forces: Barriers to entry There is immense initial investing required for puting up a resort. This includes buying land at a touristry friendly location and so puting up the installations for doing it pulling clients. In most of the instances the cost of land in India histories for about 50 % of entire undertaking cost. This acts as a major hindrance for a new entrant in the industry. Since location plays a really large function in the success of a resort, here there is a considerable first mover advantage. Brand trueness of clients like TAJ, Mariott affects the new entrants. In India the outgo revenue enhancement, luxury revenue enhancement and gross revenues revenue enhancement inflate the leisure cordial reception measure by over 30 % . Effective revenue enhancement in the South East Asiatic states works out to merely 4-5 % . Menace of replacements A menace from replacements exists if there are alternate merchandises with lower monetary values of better public presentation parametric quantities for the same intent. They could potentially pull a important proportion of market volume and hence cut down the possible gross revenues volume for bing participants. Handiness of options for disbursement holidaies increases the replacements. Customers are assortment seeking and look for new ways to pass their holidaies therefore increasing opportunities for replacements. The monetary value fluctuation of same category of services from assorted trade names is one of the grounds to take a replacement. The present demand and supply of resorts is one of the grounds to take a replacement. Competitive competition There is widespread competition among the rivals. Entry of new large participants in this market has enhanced the extent of competition. Emergence of newer types of resorts which differentiate on footing of services and locations. Metro metropoliss with flush in-between category and corporate offices more attractive and therefore see a overcrowding of resorts. Dickering power of providers Suppliers include the suppliers of different points for serving the clients. Not excessively strong as figure of providers of nutrient, cordial reception are immense. Most of the specialized services are managed by resorts itself and non outsourced. Dickering power of purchasers Being of replacements increases the bargaining power of the purchasers. Buyers are extremely informed about the picks available to them. Switch overing costs are really low and therefore purchaser power is high. Customers are assortment seeking and look for new ways to pass their holidaies. Resorts Industry Situation Analysis: Resort hotels are besides termed as wellness resort or beach hill resort and so depending on their place and location. These leisure hotels are chiefly for vacationists who want to loosen up and bask with their household. Most resort work to full capacity during extremum season. Gross saless and gross fluctuate from season to season as the tenancy varies as per season. Opportunities: India is pretty diverse in footings of types of landscapes and seasons and this gives tonss of options in footings of location of resorts. Assorted combinations of these factors provide suited conditions for different types of resorts to come up and supply different types of experiences to tourers, either international or local. Growth of the touristry in India has created a immense demand and supply spread in this sector. A turning involvement in touristry, both international and local, provides a colossal chance for the growing of hotels and resorts. The portion of India in international touristry has been turning over the old ages and is expected to turn quickly. This has lured many participants in this market. With a lifting income the Indian families have higher disposable income which could be spent on touristry. The growing of flush center and upper category has created demand for touristry related services and provides a immense chance for resorts to boom. Government is passing a batch on edifice this sector by developing new finishs and circuits. The budgeted allocation for the touristry sector has been increasing for guaranting the development of this industry. Besides tonss of strategies have been launched to advance touristry. Menaces: The hapless substructure in the state is biggest challenge that the industry faces. Due to hapless substructure the locations which could be exploited for edifice resorts and tourer Centres are non able to be developed. Developing such resorts demands substructure for guaranting proper connectivity to large metropoliss so that tourers could be able to make such resorts and proper services could be provided to them. Slow execution of the authorities strategies for the development for the industry is besides a great hurdle. The strategies take infinite executing clip due to decelerate and bureaucratic authorities machinery. The industry is to a great extent influenced by the political environment of the state. The non so healthy internal security state of affairs in India poses the biggest challenge for the industry. Due to security concerns a big figure of tourers hesitate in utilizing the tourer installations available and this farther hampers the development of new Centres and installations. The cyclical nature of the industry brings with itself the built-in hazard of being affected by the economic state of affairs in India and other parts of the universe. The capacity of the populace to pass money is what determines the way which the industry takes. Literature Reappraisal: All around the universe vacation resorts have been considered as critical service-oriented leisure touristry merchandises. In recent old ages, India has besides seen proliferation of resorts. While resorts are considered slightly similar to hotels the outlooks of clients vary significantly in footings of the service degrees and the comfortss provided. Hotels are normally located in busy countries of the metropoliss and are expected to supply lodging installations for the clients. There are other add-on services which are provided to do the experience of clients memorable. Resorts vary in a manner that they are located in much more unfastened countries and supply much more installations for amusement than merely lodging installations. Peoples normally look for extended periods of stay in resorts like disbursement vacations. Any hotel or resort concern purposes to function its clients and make such an experience for them such that become repetition clients and avoid nearing its rivals. This trueness could be achieved by supplying quality services which are differentiated from what the other participants in the industry are supplying. In order for houses to be successful and maintain leading places in their industry, their merchandises, monetary values and promotional activities must supply an incremental value over its challengers and industry leaders. In the current scenario where extreme importance is given to serve quality and focused patronages service, it becomes imperative for resorts to supply high degrees of client satisfaction for them to be competitory in a quickly germinating touristry market. The first interest is to place the right client sections so that suited merchandises and services could be designed for them and without which it is hard to last. It is an established fact that in the co rdial reception industry repetition backing is straight related to the service quality and focused client service ( Kivela, Inbakaran and Reece, 1999 ) . Sections of Customers for Hotels and Resort Industry: Day visitants from the environing countries Parties and other assemblages Business travelers Workplace wellness publicity groups ( WHP ) Participants for different events Families on summer holiday International tourers Corporate squad excursions Gorukana Resort s nucleus competences: The chief kernel of VGKK is that it does nt do tribal people to go forth their community, civilization and traditions. It does nt halter the tribal ecosystem. Strengths: Location Awesome natural atmosphere Home-like feeling Wireless cyberspace Individual service Failings: Location Army for the liberation of rwanda from metropolis Selling Less involved activities Slow seasons ; summer and weekends Assorted installations available are as follows: Bungalows Gorukana has 10 bungalows named after beautiful animate beings found in the BR Hills. These bungalows can easy suit a household of four. They are modeled utilizing local stuffs, hence being sensitive to the environment, and located amidst the nature s beauty with trees and lake about. The furniture is consequence of the workmanship of the local tribal. Tent House Tent house is located a small off from the bungalows and tree-houses. Tent house lets guests bask the fantastic position of our organic farm and H2O harvest home installations. Tree House It s for the true nature lovers ; with bamboo walls built around two beautiful trees overlooking the rain H2O reaping pool. Dining The nutrient is prepared from locally available ingredients and fresh end product from the organic farms. Here invitees can bask fresh local culinary art with the beautiful position of the lake. Coffee Bar Coffee saloon serves non merely tea and java but besides wellness drinks from Ayurvedic Health centre. Conference A conference hall with a capacity of suiting 50 people and to the full equipped with wireless internet entree and a projector provides a alone chance take attention of concern while basking the purdah of beautiful hills and landscape. Ayurvedic Health Center There is besides an agreement for enjoying a curative massage in the wellness centre located right in the center of the rain H2O harvested lake. This provides the best possible manner to loosen up and rejuvenate our invitees. Ayurvedic Doctors and trained massage healers are available for audience on natural redresss for assorted complaints. At Gorukana, invitees have the luxury to put their ain gait. The assorted picks available in footings of the leisure activities include sitting by the lake, watching the kingfisher doing a perpendicular honkytonk in the lake for fishes, look up toing the clouds from the knoll or merely loosen uping in the well decorated bungalow or collapsible shelter while basking books and magazines from the library. Campaign Guests can besides avail landrover campaign and seek their fortune at descrying some of the beautiful animate beings in the BR Hills. This makes Gorukana an ideal topographic point to come equipped you re your camera and gaining control the scenic excellence for of all time. Treking We have trained naturalist for helping escapade partisans in trekking or bird observation and besides for easing interaction with tribal by construing their linguistic communication. Ayurvedic Rejuvenation Centre Ayurvedic Rejuvenation Centre for enjoying a curative massage in the wellness centre located right in the center of the rain H2O harvested lake. Cultural Experience Gorukana provides the alone chance to see local tribal traditions, and culinary merchandises and portion the civilization and history of the Soliga folk. Volun-tourism Gorukana provides an chance for the invitees to acquire involved with the local people and prosecute in some sort of volunteering activities. Guests could work for the benefits of the tribal along with basking their vacations. Those who like to portion their cognition could take categories for pupils in the residential school. Other agencies of lending are assisting in organic farms, reaping herbs and veggies, or even working on the dairy farm. Therefore there is a batch for invitees to take back from these alone experiences which would stay engraved in the memory for remainder of their lives! The purpose is to make a bond between the local people and the honored invitees in such a manner that both benefit from it. There is ever range for imparting an excess manus in these enterprises for the improvement of the tribal people. Even a sort word or a piece of sincere advice would be gracefully accepted with dear thanks! Boutique VGKK merchandises such as Amla Juice, Amla Pickles, Ashwagandha Juice, ayurvedic workss from the babys room and ware such T Shirts are on sale in the dress shop. Marketing Scheme: The aim of our selling scheme is to pass on the alone set of quality services that we on offer for our invitees. At the Southern Cross of it lies the desire to do the invitees stay at the resort an unforgettable experience. Our communicating should clearly convey the value offered vis-a-vis the monetary value paid by the invitees. Our selling scheme intends to set up our trade name, its values and develop confidant working relationships with our invitee and providers. It is aimed at placing the demands of our invitees and fulfilling them in an effectual mode. This could be achieved via our quality service and wholesome experience with particular drift on distinguishing ourselves with our rivals. High growing could be achieved by placing the proper mark consumer sections and so carry throughing their demands while continuously competing to research new marks and demands. Value Proposition Gorukana resort offers the best and the most individualized service for the different types of clients. The resort has been designed maintaining in head the demands of the consumers. Though the mark consumer includes all sorts of invitees particular installations have been provided which are well-suited for corporate invitees. This has been done maintaining in head the close propinquity to a Bangalore which is a corporate hub and the invitees from the metropolis from a major ball of the entire invitees. Every room is well-equipped with indispensable installations like a nice desk, internet connexion and wireless entree. Furthermore, there are easy to entree meeting suites equipped with all modern audio-visual equipment for meetings. Critical Issues Our selling scheme is aimed at turn toing the undermentioned issues: Guaranting high tenancy during weekdays besides Develop client trueness in a competitory market and guarantee repetition concern and referrals Keeping distinction with regard to our rivals Attract new mark section of invitees for speedy growing Managing the seasonal fluctuations in concern Marketing Aims Efficaciously pass on our value proposition to our mark markets. Supply a memorable experience to our invitees. This would fuel repetition concern and guarantee positive word of mouth promotion. Expand bing markets and place new markets. Target Market Strategy Our primary marks are the corporate visitants but the followers is the complete set of clients who are targeted: Day visitants from the environing countries Parties and other assemblages Business travelers Workplace wellness publicity groups ( WHP ) Participants for different events Families on summer holiday International tourers Corporate squad excursions Target Market Messaging For the success of the resort it s compulsory that a high degree of quality of service is maintained. There is besides need to advance its high quality stigmatization. Our messaging demands to reflect the high criterion of services and a wholesome experience that the resort provides. Gorukana is synonymous with the high degree of personal service and comprehensive concern installations in the lap of nature. To advance and construct a trade name for itself the resort would necessitate to pass a small spot excess on selling stuffs. One such method to reflect the high criterion of services offered is to publish booklets with high quality exposure of the resort and direct it to go agents and other client touch points. Market Sections Messaging Corporate travelers Luxury without aching concern Nature lovers get closer to nature Social militants your enjoyment does function a greater cause Health partisans reinvigorate with the power of Ayurveda Families the complete bundle for the complete household Scheme Pyramids The premier focal point of our selling scheme is on the high quality of the services and alone experience offered. Three chief points need to be stressed upon in order to aim different market sections. Personalized Servicess like Ayurveda wellness Centre Facilities for executives who can go to of import meetings while on holidaies Differentiated comfortss like tree-houses, bungalows Beautiful landscape with lakes and nature activities like Bird observation, nature walk, short trek etc. Consumer Penetrations: Gorukana is a perfect pickup for the nature lovers, who are looking for a short thrust option from Bangalore ( 170 Kms and 3 A? hr thrust from Bangalore ) Gorukana offers 10 bungalows / 1 each of tree house and tent house ; it can suit about 45 invitees. Gorukana offers Ayurvedic wellness Centre, conferencing installation, nature activities ( Bird observation, nature walk, short trek etc. ) to it invitees It s 2 old ages old belongings and the lone private belongings option available for the invitees Most of the weekends we are occupied 100 % Channel of marketing Direct selling ( To corporate, travel houses etc. ) , on-line selling ( Google ad words, blogging, face book etc. ) , word of oral cavity etc. Guests include the HNI s from corporate fraternity from Bangalore, Corporate group choosing to hold the squad excursion, conferences, nature lovers, households taking a weekend interruption etc. A invitee feedback mechanism, where-in over 90 % of invitees have expressed really high satisfactory degrees in footings of adjustment and service, F A ; B The current sections which are being targeted by the resort is that of the HNI s from corporate fraternity from Bangalore, Corporate group choosing to hold the squad excursion, conferences, nature lovers and households taking a weekend interruption. Guests belonging to these sections prefer to pass their weekends in Gorukana. This ensures good tenancy degrees during the weekends and the resort operates at 100 % capacity. However the weekdays do nt witness batch of invitees sing the resort which is pretty natural given that these yearss are working yearss for all. This is a job by and large faced by most of the resorts every bit good as other such manners of amusement. Goal: Increase the tenancy degrees on weekdays Approach: Target the client sections that could save clip on weekdays for sing the resort. Introducing holiday ownership plans Recommendations: This challenge of maintaining the tenancy degrees high on weekdays could be addressed by decently aiming the client sections that are free on weekdays and hence ( no work committednesss ) and hence are available for sing the resort. The sections which seem moneymaking in this respect are: Health witting clients Travelers and tourers Healthcare touristry Ayurvedic health care installations and the natural peaceful atmosphere which Gorukana self-praises of provide it with an first-class chance to advance itself as a healthcare touristry finish. Here the health care process is combined with a household holiday. Assorted installations available at Gorukana are good for people who would love to be in the lap of nature and recuperate from their wellness jobs. A few add-ons to these installations and excess attempt in publicities would do Gorukana really attractive option for people looking for healthcare touristry. This sort of touristry requires that people stay at such a resort for longer period of clip, normally more than a hebdomad, such that they get adequate clip to retrieve from wellness jobs under the counsel of the wellness professionals. The longer periods of stay guarantee that the tenancy degrees on weekdays could be maintained at a healthy degree and therefore optimal use of the resorts capacity. This plan will impact marketing mix as explained below: Promotion: For publicity plans, Gorukana should utilize on-line channel. They should tie-up with web sites like trip adviser, make-my-trip and post their advertizements on these web sites. Along with on-line channels, magazine advertizements, print-ads, tie-up with travel agents should be used for advancing this plan. Even at strategic locations like heavy traffic countries, coach bases, airdromes, railroad Stationss, crossings etc. , hoardings, billboards, streamers can be installed and this will convey visibleness to the Gorukana trade name. To make bombilation, word of oral cavity will play an of import function. For this current clients can be used as advisers. They should be provided with satisfied services so that they get inspired and urge Gorukana to their co-workers or friends. Loyalty plans could be offered where the invitees urging others for sing the resort would acquire excess installations or price reduction on their following visit. For increasing the tenancy on the weekdays, bulk purchase options available via web sites like snapdeal could be used. Here if the figure of endorsers crosses a certain bound so the trade becomes active. His would bring on the test of merchandise and ascertain tenancy on weekdays besides. Monetary value: Here the clients would be holding dual benefit, wellness benefit every bit good as vacation in the lap of nature. Normally people tend to use these installations as separate offerings. Gorukana would offer these services as a bundle and advance itself as a one halt finish for recovering from unwellness and at the same clip basking the nature. Gorukana s milieus would fix the recovery procedure aided by the Ayurveda experts available for the service of invitees. Pricing would stay the same as being offered presently as these installations are already included in the bundle presently offered and merely placement has to be changed for pulling this group of invitees. Product/Services: This publicity of health care installations will be really good to clients when it comes to services and merchandises at Gorukana. Gorukana specialises in nutrient dishes which are prepared from the organic agricultural green goods and other healthy points like homemade honey, black berry juice, wax, Curcuma longa, java etc. These points are healthy and therefore aid in the recovery of invitees who visit Gorukana for rushing their recovery from unwellness. Various other services which involve Ayurvedic watering place, natural exposure, massage provide the invitees relaxation and specialised attention required for full and speedy recuperation. Topographic point: This is fundamentally distribution channel which will be conveying product/service to the client. Online forum is the best topographic point for advancing this, where it is easy accessible by clients. The forum must be supplying all the information related to the services and merchandises provided for the intent of healthcare touristry. The clients will acquire anterior information before coming to the resort. Gorukana could besides bind up with clinics. Peoples sing clinics for intervention would desire to hold a healthy and stimulating environment for retrieving from the unwellness. The wellness installations and composure atmosphere would assist in the stressing the velocity of their acquiring back into pink of wellness. Peoples: Peoples are most of import portion of a service as they will the contact between the organisation and the client. They should be given proper importance in footings of attitude, accomplishments, visual aspect, and instruction. They will be presenting services and act as a anchor in edifice strong relationship with the clients. Since most of the employees of Gorukana are VGKK pupils, they should be given proper instruction and preparation. Vacation Ownership: Gorukana should get down holiday ownership plan which will be on clip sharing footing. In holiday ownership, the clients will hold an chance of go forthing their emphasis, reconnecting with their households, friends and yourself every twelvemonth. The holiday ownership is fundamentally a method in which you have the right-to-use and the specific belongings belongs to you for that peculiar period of clip. The bottom line is it is pre-paying benefit for a holiday topographic point instead than leasing it. It is really popular all over the universe and 1000000s of households with the highest rate of satisfaction ain timeshare, holiday ownership. Time sharing provides flexibleness and infinite to run into the demands of household of any size. For vacationists, it is a erstwhile purchase that is locked harmonizing to the today s monetary value instead than a payment for each usage as in instance of hotel or rental room. Since, the cost of holiday adjustments are speed uping twelvemonth after twelvemonth, the holiday ownership ensures significant nest eggs. Furthermore, holiday ownership provides option for the life-time ownership, guaranting homely environment and all the amenitiess in a resort scene. Even taking cordial reception companies such as Hilton, Marriott, Melia, Hyatt, Fairmount, Four Seasons, Accord Hotels have been influenced by this. They are constructing and change overing upscale hotels in order to fulfill the Vacation ownership, rank demand now yearss. Benefits for Gorukana: With holiday ownership, the concern is a transparent and clean theoretical account with higher than perceived concern quality. For resort it will be good in following ways: It will better returns as the resort/organization streamlines its balance sheet. It will be bring forthing important sums of repeating free hard currency flow for Gorukana. It will assist in bring forthing repeating income associated with direction fees required by Gorukana. It will bring forth repeating involvement income that is associated with receivables. It will be bring forthing repeating gross revenues that are driven by ascents from loyal client base. Benefits from holiday ownership for clients: Savingss: Customers will hold benefit as they are acquiring holidaies for a life-time at today s monetary value. Furthermore, there will be no fusss of 2nd place ownership. Comfort: Since clients have experienced the services, they will be interested in coming to the resort once more and once more as they will be more comfy and will heighten word-of oral cavity besides. Flexibility: Customers will acquire flexibleness as holiday will be based on their agenda, wherever and whenever they want. Exchange systems: Gorukana can tie-up with other resorts of same type at different topographic points and clients will acquire option of traveling to other resort at same monetary value within the contracted clip. This plan will impact marketing mix as explained below: Promotion: For publicity holiday ownership plans, Gorukana should utilize on-line channel. They should tie-up with web sites like trip adviser, make-my-trip and post their advertizements on these web sites. Along with on-line channels, magazine advertizements, print-ads, tie-up with travel agents should be used for advancing this plan. Even at strategic locations like heavy traffic countries, coach bases, airdromes, railroad Stationss, crossings etc, hoardings, billboards, streamers can be installed and this will pull all the concern professionals who will be going through these topographic points. To advance clip sharing strategy, Gorukana can convey in assorted travel advisers, who will be holding tie-ups with different travel agents/organizations who organize corporates/ companies trips in Bangalore. To make bombilation, word of oral cavity will play an of import function. For this current clients can be used as advisers. They should be provided with satisfied services under holid ay ownership so that they get inspired and urge Gorukana to their co-workers or friends. Monetary value: Since clients will acquire monetary value benefit as they will booking resort for a twelvemonth on the same monetary value. Furthermore, pricing can be based harmonizing to the services. Supplying services which are rare, premium can be charged particularly in services which will be supplying more natural exposure and are hard to ticket should be the USP s and consequently premium can be charged for these services. For pricing, Gorukana should include care charges and other costs. The pricing scheme should be as suggested below: Normal Time Sharing ( 6 months ) Time Sharing ( 1 twelvemonth ) Care Per month Tree House 4000 3500 3000 50 Tent House 3000 2500 2100 75 Bungalows 3450 3000 2800 75 Product/Services: Time sharing system will be really good to clients when it comes to services and merchandises at Gorukana. For Gorukana, the touchable merchandises are the place made honey, black berry juice, wax, Curcuma longa, java made by tribal people which are working under VGKK and intangible merchandise will be the services which involve Ayurvedic watering place, natural exposure, botanical gardens, cultural plans by tribal people, etc. Under holiday ownership mechanism, members can acquire benefit of more services ; more valuable services can be added in this strategy ensuing into value for money entreaty to the clients. For case, clients who are traveling for 6 months holiday ownership plan, they will acquire a benefit like one complimentary watering place or free campaign, If clients are traveling for 1year holiday ownership plan, they will acquire benefit of two complimentary watering places, free Ayurvedic merchandises, free visit to botanical garden, etc. The services including other leisure activities will be included like particular bet oning zone for childs, peaceable environment for older people, etc. Topographic point: This is fundamentally distribution channel which will be conveying product/service to the client. It will include specific channel members and transit installations to the clients who are choosing for holiday ownership plan. Online forum is the best topographic point for holiday ownership, where it is easy accessible by clients. The forum must be supplying all the information related to the services and merchandises under this holiday ownership strategy. The clients will acquire anterior information before coming to the resort. There should be option of choosing holiday ownership plan before sing the resort. It is fundamentally the convenience that a client will acquire before coming to the resort and assisting them in taking determinations and giving them the best feeling of the resort. Peoples: Peoples are most of import portion of a service as they will the contact between the organisation and the client. They should be given proper importance in footings of attitude, accomplishments, visual aspect, and instruction. They will be presenting services and act as a anchor in edifice strong relationship with the clients. Since most of the employees of Gorukana are VGKK pupils, they should be given proper instruction and preparation. They should be given exposure to the assorted holiday ownership plans that are being practised by other resorts and are successful. These employees should be in direct contact with the clients who will be choosing for holiday ownership and supplying them all the convenience and information related to this plan. Physical grounds: It refers to the touchable portion of service which involves room inside, tree house inside, atmosphere, internet/web pages, booklets, trappingss, uniform of the staff, etc. All should be attractive, clean, and hygienic and must be separate from the normal one ( who are non under holiday ownership ) , guaranting client satisfaction and doing clients experience at place. Procedure: It is fundamentally who client sees/ experiences an organisation s offerings as consumers will be take parting at different points of clip. It will affect supplying relevant services to the clients and educating them how to devour assorted services offered by Gorukana.

Free Essays on Automobile Pollution

I. Introduction In the past century, the automobile has come a far way from Henry Ford’s Model T. In the United States there has always been a high demand for cars, and with that demand comes the need for speed, and a need to have the best. And that is what major automobile industries have been giving our society because they know that they can profit greatly from it. These industries know what sells and they take advantage of it. In order to improve automobiles so that they meet these needs of our society, automobile industries turn to technology. Technology is what has turned the Ford Model T into a Ford Mustang 5.0. Of course with this technology comes flaws. The biggest and most obvious flaw is pollution. Because of pollution, we find ourselves asking the question of whether this technology has helped our society more than it has hurt it. And now that we have identified the problem, how can it be fixed, and how will fixing the problem of automobile pollution affect society also? II. Economic/Social Issue Pollution is becoming a big problem in today’s world. We are wrecking the earth day by day and automobiles are a very big part of that. As SUV’s get more and more popular, the pollution just increases. This world has become a very selfish place and people think only about themselves. They don't care that we are ruining the earth and soon enough, this world will not be livable. But as long as the earth is fine for right now, no one really cares. We like to put the blame on the business’ saying that it is their fault, but they make what we will buy. As long as the demand for SUV’s are so high, none of these car companies are gonna put much interest into the hybrid vehicles. It is up to the consumers to embrace this environmentally friendly way of living. Once the consumers allow change to take place, and put the value of life over their own possessions, we will be able to make the certain steps in cleaning ... Free Essays on Automobile Pollution Free Essays on Automobile Pollution I. Introduction In the past century, the automobile has come a far way from Henry Ford’s Model T. In the United States there has always been a high demand for cars, and with that demand comes the need for speed, and a need to have the best. And that is what major automobile industries have been giving our society because they know that they can profit greatly from it. These industries know what sells and they take advantage of it. In order to improve automobiles so that they meet these needs of our society, automobile industries turn to technology. Technology is what has turned the Ford Model T into a Ford Mustang 5.0. Of course with this technology comes flaws. The biggest and most obvious flaw is pollution. Because of pollution, we find ourselves asking the question of whether this technology has helped our society more than it has hurt it. And now that we have identified the problem, how can it be fixed, and how will fixing the problem of automobile pollution affect society also? II. Economic/Social Issue Pollution is becoming a big problem in today’s world. We are wrecking the earth day by day and automobiles are a very big part of that. As SUV’s get more and more popular, the pollution just increases. This world has become a very selfish place and people think only about themselves. They don't care that we are ruining the earth and soon enough, this world will not be livable. But as long as the earth is fine for right now, no one really cares. We like to put the blame on the business’ saying that it is their fault, but they make what we will buy. As long as the demand for SUV’s are so high, none of these car companies are gonna put much interest into the hybrid vehicles. It is up to the consumers to embrace this environmentally friendly way of living. Once the consumers allow change to take place, and put the value of life over their own possessions, we will be able to make the certain steps in cleaning ...

Essay on American Government Part 2

Essay on American Government Part 2 Essay on American Government Part 2 Essay on American Government Part 2Essay on American Government Part 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clarence Thomas’ Grandfather’s Son is the story of his professional and personal development and experience of his rising to the Supreme Court juror, although the author focuses rather on interracial and personal issues than on his career achievements and work in the Supreme Court, which he almost omits to describe in his book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 6 A Question of Will  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author describes his departure from Monsanto and move to Maryland and his first impressions of his life in the State of Washington. The author describes his early experience of that life and reveals differences, which has experienced between his life before and after he moved to Washington.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, the author focuses on his work with Senator Danforth. Thomas was responsible for energy, environment and public work, but the work with the Senator helped him to acquire a valuable experience of working in the US government system.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the author has finally got time to reflect on racial issues and interracial relations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 7 â€Å"Son, Stand Up†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author reveals the first major publicity after his appointment to the position to lead EEOC. Thomas reveals concerns of Hispanics about his indifference to their interests that shows that minority groups did not stand on the common ground and they were concerned with advancement of their representatives to power.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, he describes his experience of working in the EEOC and challenges the agency faced. For example, he reveals financial difficulties, which affected the performance of the EEOC substantially and how he dealt w ith those issues.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the author reveals that he confronted rather hostile environment within the EEOC and top management of the agency, where the position of the Republicans was strong and where he, as a representative of a minority group, confronted biased and prejudiced attitude, which he had to change to lead the agency.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 8 Approaching the Bench  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas focuses his attention on the change of media coverage of his performance as the leader of the EEOC and positive feedback the Washington Post and other media have given him. In addition, he stresses the importance of such positive publicity, which allowed him to ‘approach the bench’ or, at least, helped him consistently in this regard.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the author reveals the fact that the positive feedback of media was not only due to his work and achievements but also and mainly because of the intention of the media to criticize his opponent and rival.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, Thomas reveals his progress and close cooperation with Reid Detchon, who was writing speeches for the Vice President. Such cooperation gave Thomas an opportunity to communicate to the public problems African Americans face and key issues affecting interracial relations in the US.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, he started to consider options to continue his career and came across Mike Uhlmann. This encounter has opened the way for him to ‘approach the bench’ and the author reveals his concerns about such an opportunity and doubts whether he will be good in that position or not. Remarkably, the author uncovers the important role of Virginia in the decision making process concerning his further career because she gave him advices that helped him to take the final decision.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 9 Invitation to Lynching  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this chapter, Thomas discusses false allegations compiled by Anita Hill concerning his sexual harassment attempts. The author describes his disturbance and shock, when he has learned from FBI agents the reason, why they called on him. The author describes in details his cooperation with FBI agents concerning the case and the detailed story of Anita’s employment as well as their relations, which were sheer professional ones. The chapter reveals the deep sense of frustration, which the author has experienced that made him to give such a metaphorical title of the chapter since the FBI investigation and allegations he has faced were similar to lynching for him. In addition, the case was apparently a threat for his further career development.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 10 Going to Meet the Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas reveals his appeal to Senator Danforth as an opportunity to keep him from attacks of his opponents and rivals. The author is already aware of schemes and false allegations used by his opponents to weaken his position and simply to get rid of him. This is why he appeals to the Senator looking for support and protection from unfair methods of struggle against him. The author describes in details his speech, which he prepared to communicate to the public to reject all allegations and explain his position as well as the attack of his opponents. Remarkably, Virginia and Senator Danforth were the first ones, who has got acquainted with the speech.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, these chapters reveal the formative period in the career of Thomas from the moment he moved to Washington and started his career in the EEOC to his further promotion and approaching the bench that resulted into unfair meth ods of struggle against him.Quotes:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Washington Post was taking favorable notice of the changes I was making at EEOC – an unexpected switch after so many years of being raked over the coals in the media† – this quote shows the negative media coverage of his work in the past, which was probably determined by his racial background and his position of an outsider, and the change which was unexpected for him.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A Hispanic critic claimed that I’d been â€Å"insensitive† to Hispanics during my time at the Department of Education† – this quote shows concerns of racial minorities about their representation in government agencies and public offices.

Mental Heath. Write one an half pages on Suicide article. Please Essay

Mental Heath. Write one an half pages on Suicide article. Please hyperlink the article site - Essay Example Berman feel as though she had no other choice but to end her own life. Jennifer had once been considered a normal, loving wife and mother who boasted of her musically-talented children. However, a neighbor, Marian Sklodowski, said that something suddenly changed in Jennifer that was visibly apparent just days before the murder-suicide. â€Å"A couple of days ago, she was different†¦you could see it in her face, there was something missing, something disturbed in her mind† (Goldstein, 2014, p.2). This is an interesting case study in mental illness and the rapidity by which mental disturbances can begin, even in an individual who has been known to be quite normal and well-adjusted. A typical person, when facing mounting problems both financial and social, are able to cope through these hard times and ultimately find mental adjustment without resorting to drastic self-harm tactics. Jennifer Berman not only felt that her own death was appropriate, but determined that it would be the most viable solution for her children as well. This is a form of psychosis in which an individual loses all touch with reality and begins to believe deluded thoughts. In psychology, one is not easily, officially diagnosed with sustaining a psychotic disorder until certain variables have been excluded, such as diseases in the central nervous system or even ingested illicit drugs. However, there was no evidence that Berman maintained any of the aforementioned conditions, but she simply had new-onset psychosis as a result of poor personal coping mechanisms. The Berman case could be a fascinating case study on what triggers new-onset psychosis and why some individuals experiencing psychotic episodes are unable to restrict their impulsive actions. It would be highly beneficial to the medical and psychological communities to examine all of the factors over a period of time that led to psychosis and the desire to commit suicide and murder her

Incidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Incidents - Essay Example As an autoethnographic text, however, Incidents also demonstrates that Linda, the main character, has a very clear idea of her own cultural identity, and that that cultural identity is in large part imposed upon her from beyond her control. As a black salve girl, she is expected to fit those cultural norms regardless of anything else in her life, and she recognizes that she must take every step she can to navigate theses issues throughout her life. Linda’s family situation is one of the main things that creates an autoethnographic understanding of herself. A child is usually innocent with the social environment during the early stages of his/her life. However, as time passes, a child is faced with the inevitable task of acknowledging the state of affairs surrounding his/her life. For Linda this meant one thing: dealing with the situation of slavery, which she experiences almost entirely through the lens of her family. The story Incidents is, in large part, the story of Lindaâ €™s growing understanding of her family. ... Linda admires her grandmothers hardworking nature and appreciates all the efforts she made while trying to free her family from bondage. This aspect of hard work and objectivity in her grandmother chores even as a slave encouraged Linda in many aspects of her life. It is through the lenses of these stories about family that Linda begins to understand her own cultural identity – her cultural understanding of self is constantly influenced by the way her family describes their interactions with slave owners. In every slavery situation, the victim faces unfair and unjustified treatment from their masters. Such mistreatments extend from basic acts of discrimination to other inhumane acts. In her narration about the condition surrounding the childhood life of her mother, the girl highlights this act of oppression on the relationship between her mother and the grandmother’s mistress daughter. Linda’s maternal grandmother was used as the foster mother of her motherâ€⠄¢s mistress. After birth, her mother as weaned from her grandmother so as to give the mistress the chance to be breast fed sufficiently by her grandmother. In the story, Linda is bitter about this content and feels that the people who at the same time pretended to care for her mistreated her mother as a child. Linda’s identity formation process is not solely centered on her blood family, however. Her extended family in the form of other slaves, and especially god-parents, leads in large part to Linda understanding her cultural place in the world. Jacobs illustrates the roles played by the people who care about us in life. Jacobs is not different to the significance of Linda’s mother mistress in taking care of her and her sibling. As we can witness from the text,

Sport England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sport England - Essay Example The Sports Council was later renamed the English Sports Council in 1997, which was later branded as Sport England. The transformation just described was in line with shifts in strategies towards modernisation and better service delivery. The agency is currently under the chairmanship of Richard Lewis who has overseen the 2008-2011 strategic shifts towards influential sports development in the future (SportEngland.org, 2011). Guided by the mission statement that Sport England seeks to create a world leading community sports environment, the agency pursues a vibrant culture in sporting through partnering with several stakeholders including national governing bodies, local governments, county sport partnerships and community organisations. The agency currently invests  £480 million directly to 46 national sport governing bodies, protects playing fields, advocates for community sports and provides consultancy in sport matters. Sports England’s driving aims are centred on three philosophies. First is growth, here it targets one million more individuals engaging in sport. Sustenance is the second which involves satisfaction of more people from sport and reduction of the proportion of 16-18 year old teenagers dropping out of sporting activities to less than 25%. Lastly is the improvement through the development of talent in at least different 25 sports (SportEngland.org, 2011). In the pursuit of its mission, Sport England faces several challenges. According to Houlihan and Green (2009), Sport England and its fellow sports agency, UK Sports are burdened by the fact that they generate too many and much often short term initiatives. Overlapping mandates and responsibilities also inhibit their operations just as complexity and lack of clear strategies do. The problem of changes in government policy is also a challenge, with O’Dowd (2011) reporting that the coalition government has reversed on its predecessor’s pledge to

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example However, eating disorders are caused by many factors, both social and cultural factors. With the increases of eating disorders among students the awareness campaign has been extended to schools. This paper will look at the possible causes of eating disorders. It will also look at the treatments of these disorders. Stewart, G. (2000). Teens with eating disorders. San Diego: Lucent books. Eating disorders among teenagers are mainly caused by psychological issues. Teenagers are easily disappointed or depressed with occurrences in their lives. In most cases they tend to eat a lot to drown their sorrows (Stewart, 2000). This scenario is rampant to male students. At young age depression could be cause a lot of harm in teenagers. With eating a lot many affected individuals feel more occupied thus they have less time to think about their problems. At first it is not of concern since the feeding is under the control of the student’s mind (Stewart, 2000). However, with time the student loses control and it slowly turns into an eating disorder. Swain, P. (2006). New developments in eating disorder research. New York: Nova publishers. Swain (2006) says that there is not a single cause for eating disorder. She suggests that most cases of eating disorder are caused by concern over weight and body shape. In female students, the issue of weight brings a lot of concern to them. Some of them may turn to dieting as a way of watching their weight. In many scenarios these individuals acquire the eating disorder whereby they cannot feed. They get a king of psychological disgust every time they think of feeding (Swain, 2006). The author relates the same occurrences regarding the issue of acquiring a certain body shape. Herrin, M. & Matsumoto, N. (2006). The parent’s guide to eating disorders. California: Gurze books. The two authors bring up the factor of genetic background. For example, if one identical twin has anorexia the probability of the other twin to have the di sorder is at about 80% (Herrin & Matsumoto, 2006). This is because they have in them the genes of the eating disorder. In other scenarios some individuals inherit the eating disorders. LeGrange, D. & Lock, J. (2011). Eating disorders in children and adolescents: A clinical handbook. London: Guilford Press. Another genetic factor is the hormonal influence. Some brain chemicals create a possibility of having an eating disorder. According to LeGrange & Lock (2011) individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa have high levels of vasopressin and cortistol hormones. The hormones are released after any occurrence of emotional or physical stress. The hormones are found to cause eating disorders in a number of people. Goodman, L. & Villapiano, M. (2001).eating disorders: A journey to recovery Handbook. New York: Psychology Press. Sociological factors also have a great role to play in the cause of eating disorders. We live in a society which perceive being fat as a disability. In every street corner, on radio, on television and on the internet there is always that negative perception of being fat. To adolescent this causes a lot of worry to them. In order to be fit in these societies they tend do anything possible not to become fat (Goodman & Villapiano, 2001). It is at this point that eating disorders like bulimia occur. According to the authors peer pressure also plays its negative role to cause these disorders. Teenager especially students tend to try and fit in the social

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Reading response - Essay Example A Thousand Plateaus is the main writing from which pleasures of philosophy are found where the main article is molded in terms of the different settings where a reader can read any article or plateau. There is no systematic order of the reading to come up with a clear meaning, although the plateaus do not give the final words (Massumi, 17). A plateau can be defined as an orchestration of crushing bricks extracted from a variety of disciplinary edifices where it carry’s traces of its former emplacement which gives it a spin defining the arc of its vector (Massumi, 19). This shows the dependence and interdependency of the plateaus that makes the notes seem like repetition, whereas they are also melodic in nature, where one only reads what he wants to read or what is interesting to him. This notion is what Brian termed, as the pleasures of philosophy since he noted that philosophy is complex and when it is not understood, it is boring thus, the different nature of the plateaus ensures each reader is able to at least understand and embrace one of the plateaus. The different plateaus that have a common spin portray the unity even in the real nature where people have different understanding and embrace different things, although their objectives may be similar (Massumi, 27). Pleasures of Philosophy being a plateau within A Thousand Plateaus talks more about ticks, quilts, fuzzy subsets, neurology and political economy. This unrelated subject makes it difficult to understand as the plateau is dedicated to music and animal behavior. It uses a difficult technical expression retrieved from different disciplines used in the humanities, mathematics, and the sciences, but whose authors recommend that you read it as you would listen to a record. This complexity ensures that each reader is able to come up with a sovereign judgment of the issues discussed in the plateau. The exercise to ensure one is able to give a good judgment is essential, even in the

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example However, eating disorders are caused by many factors, both social and cultural factors. With the increases of eating disorders among students the awareness campaign has been extended to schools. This paper will look at the possible causes of eating disorders. It will also look at the treatments of these disorders. Stewart, G. (2000). Teens with eating disorders. San Diego: Lucent books. Eating disorders among teenagers are mainly caused by psychological issues. Teenagers are easily disappointed or depressed with occurrences in their lives. In most cases they tend to eat a lot to drown their sorrows (Stewart, 2000). This scenario is rampant to male students. At young age depression could be cause a lot of harm in teenagers. With eating a lot many affected individuals feel more occupied thus they have less time to think about their problems. At first it is not of concern since the feeding is under the control of the student’s mind (Stewart, 2000). However, with time the student loses control and it slowly turns into an eating disorder. Swain, P. (2006). New developments in eating disorder research. New York: Nova publishers. Swain (2006) says that there is not a single cause for eating disorder. She suggests that most cases of eating disorder are caused by concern over weight and body shape. In female students, the issue of weight brings a lot of concern to them. Some of them may turn to dieting as a way of watching their weight. In many scenarios these individuals acquire the eating disorder whereby they cannot feed. They get a king of psychological disgust every time they think of feeding (Swain, 2006). The author relates the same occurrences regarding the issue of acquiring a certain body shape. Herrin, M. & Matsumoto, N. (2006). The parent’s guide to eating disorders. California: Gurze books. The two authors bring up the factor of genetic background. For example, if one identical twin has anorexia the probability of the other twin to have the di sorder is at about 80% (Herrin & Matsumoto, 2006). This is because they have in them the genes of the eating disorder. In other scenarios some individuals inherit the eating disorders. LeGrange, D. & Lock, J. (2011). Eating disorders in children and adolescents: A clinical handbook. London: Guilford Press. Another genetic factor is the hormonal influence. Some brain chemicals create a possibility of having an eating disorder. According to LeGrange & Lock (2011) individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa have high levels of vasopressin and cortistol hormones. The hormones are released after any occurrence of emotional or physical stress. The hormones are found to cause eating disorders in a number of people. Goodman, L. & Villapiano, M. (2001).eating disorders: A journey to recovery Handbook. New York: Psychology Press. Sociological factors also have a great role to play in the cause of eating disorders. We live in a society which perceive being fat as a disability. In every street corner, on radio, on television and on the internet there is always that negative perception of being fat. To adolescent this causes a lot of worry to them. In order to be fit in these societies they tend do anything possible not to become fat (Goodman & Villapiano, 2001). It is at this point that eating disorders like bulimia occur. According to the authors peer pressure also plays its negative role to cause these disorders. Teenager especially students tend to try and fit in the social

Social media and its usage for marketing and advertisements Research Paper

Social media and its usage for marketing and advertisements - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in this information technology-based era every business is trying to enhance its services and products over its competitors. In this case, online support is considered to be a crucial factor in any advertising policy and arrangement. Additionally, companies and industries initiated promotion and publicity operations focused on people with the help of written sources and audio/video channels. However, this policy is expensive and its efficacy is hard to determine. On the other hand, it is generally not obvious that how broadcast marketing will play a major role in the latest information financial condition that allows for exceptionally cooperative and focused interactions. Thus, in this customer-oriented financial system, companies are trying to discover additional money-making methods to promote their business services and products-line, access existing clients, and make new users/clients across the business boundaries. Business people sometimes talk about the Return on Investment (ROI) in Social Networking. In fact, it sounds great, but what does it mean to the business people? How does it actually help them grow their business? The simple answer to these questions is that businesses could be successful through Social Networking. However, normally, social networking is a process that helps organizations establish the relationship and then continue and maintain them by means of customary practices such as telephone, e-mail, and face-to-face meetings.... Thus, if a company builds identity on the social networking site, it will allow drawing people who share their viewpoints and want to work with you (Tubb, 2011). At the present, the social networking websites have become a family name. Despite the fact that, it is someone’s confidential or professional life, they are in fact wonderful process for communicating with friends, colleagues, and making new relationships online (Sedycias, 2009). Since, a social networking web site is a web site where people are able to develop an online profile; and they mention their interests in profile, as well as they can insert links to other profiles. Typically, the users of social networking sites are able to dispense personal information, encompassing photographs, blog entries and videos. MySpace is an example of social networks, which is very popular in the same way with individuals and with music groups, who are able to market their tour dates, and transfer their songs on their profile page s (Hawkins, 2009). A social networking site is a very helpful and functional way to keep in contact with a large number of people (friends, colleagues, relatives, etc). Since, if someone has some news which he/she needs or wishes to distribute to others, then he/she can insert it on his/her personal bulletin board and it will be transferred or distributed to the people to whom he wants to share. Thus, the social networking sites can play a significant function for meeting with new people, whether on a business or friendship (Hawkins, 2009). Phillips & Phillips (1998) define the social network as a set of organizations, businesses, individuals, or other social entities

The Effect of Organization Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Organization Essay In future studies it may be more beneficial to try to carry out the investigation in laboratory conditions rather than in participants own homes to limit distraction and ensure that all participants carried out the test at the same time of day.  Other factors that may have affected the participants are demand characteristics. Knowing that they are taking part in a psychology experiment may have meant that the participants behaved differently when in a normal situation e.g. the situation may have spurred on some participants, whereas others may have felt nervous which could have hindered their performance. Allocating participants into groups should have been carried out in the same manner by each of the experimenters, and in future experiments perhaps the use of Random Number Tables would be more appropriate.  Upon conducting the study it was also discovered that although the words had been shuffled on a computer to compile the random list, the computer had placed them in alphabetical order which imposed some form of organisation onto the list which was pointed out by some of the participants. The randomisation of the words would have to be improved if further studies were undertaken. It had been decided for the purposes of this study that gender was not important. However, further studies could investigate whether there is a difference in memory recall between genders. The same study could be repeated but in this instance four Conditions would need to be satisfied: Condition 1 female participants to study a prepared organised list of words; Condition 2 female participants to study a prepared random list of words; Condition 3 male participants to study a prepared random list of words; Condition 4 male participants to study a prepared random list of words.  This study also did not take into account any possible cultural variations. Investigations into memory are important in finding ways to help people learn, particularly in an educational or work environment. Teachers should use structures within their lessons and encourage students to attach meaning to what they are learning, so that later retrieval of the information will be easier. In addition, children and students should be encouraged to attach some of their own organisation when studying new subjects. REFERENCES Bousfield (1953), The Effect of Organization on Memory, Beginning Psychology, p75  Bower (1969), The Effect of Organization on Memory, Beginning Psychology, p75  Mandler (1967), Category Clustering, Simply Psychology (Michael Eysenk), p16

Importance of Cost Reduction and Control

Importance of Cost Reduction and Control Assignment on financial principles and techniques Introduction Strategic investment decision making indicates the process of identifying, evaluating, and selecting among projects which are more likely to have significant effect on the organizations competitive advantage. More clearly, the decision influences what the organization does (i.e., the set of product and service attributes that are offerings of the organization), where it does it (i.e., the structural characteristics that determine the scope and geographical dispersion of organizations operations), and how it does it (i.e., the set of operating processes and work practice).The strategic investment decision making process is arguably one of senior management greatest challenges. It is significantly needed to get these decisions right. If the decision is successful, the firm can enjoy strategic as well as operational advantage. But while the decision proves wrong, either a potential opportunity is lost or it has needlessly spoiled substantial resources (through fruitless investment). Som e traditional approaches to strategic investment appraisals which include payback, accounting rate of return, return on investment, residual income, and discounted cash flow have been criticized on the basis of a number of grounds. Some main criticisms are their narrow perspective, exclusion of nonfinancial benefits, overemphasis on the short-term, faulty assumptions about the status quo, inconsistent treatment of inflation, and promotion of non-value adding behavior. Task 1 Cost Reduction Techniques. Cost reduction means reducing cost associated with production or other cost activities without affecting the quality of product or service as well as activities. Through cost reduction procedures or techniques managers reduce cost. For this they develop different cost reduction techniques. The success of any organization largely depends on how strategically cost is managed compared with that of competitors. It certainly provides competitive advantage which is essential in this hyper competitive market or business world. As the manager is the higher authority of any organization, they are to develop different types of policies and strategies to run the business successfully. Processes of Cost Reduction: Identify the Saving Make your prediction on saving Measure the process prior to adjustment Make the cost saving change Measure the process after Confirm saving has been made and it hasnt impacted other areas to make a loss. If YES move onto next project. If NO go back to the beginning and start again. Appropriate Costing System: Cost that is allocated to units of production can be actual cost or standard cost. In an actual or historical cost system, cost is allocated as they occur. Under standard costing system, product operations and process are costed through using standard for both activities and dollar amount. These standards are predetermined in advance of production. The actual cost system and standard cost system can be used with either job order or process cost accumulation approaches. Job order costing is applied to job order work in factories, workshops and repair shops as well as to work by builders, construction engineers and printers. A variation of the job order cost method is that of costing orders by lots. In the shoe manufacturing companies for example, a contract is typically divided into lots which consists of 100 to 250 pairs of one size and style of shoe. The cost is then accumulated for each lot. On the other hand, the process cost system is applied to industries such as flour mills, br eweries, chemical plants and textile factories. However there are many companies that use both job order and process costing according to their needs. The basic difference between job order costing and process costing is the breadth of the denominator. The denominator of job order costing system is small (e.g.: one painting 100 advertising circulars, one special package machine or one highway bridge). But in the case of process costing, the denominator is large (e.g.: thousands of pounds, gallons or board feet.). Task 2 The importance of developing cost reduction techniques: It helps to enhance management performance or efficiency It helps to know the nature of cost It helps to reduce the cost of operations of the organization It helps to set competitive price of product or service It helps to increase market share in the industry It helps to increase profit or return It helps to enjoy competitive advantage over competitors Proposed costing and pricing systems Basis of Costing Methods Material cost Labor cost Overhead cost Opportunity cost Structure of Costing Costing principles and methodology Fixed and variable cost Direct cost (material and labor) Indirect cost (overhead and activity based costing) Product cost and periodic cost Product cost and sales cost Actual Costing To set actual cost To change to actual cost To analyze variance Evaluation of Project Breakeven analysis Marginal contribution Opportunity cost Payback NPV,DCF, IRR ROI ROC Project Case Pricing How to cost project correctly How to get project approve What cost to exclude Essential cost to include A business case proposal Preparing a Master Budget Master budget is a comprehensive planning document which incorporates several other individual budgets. The operation budget consists of eight individual budgets which are as follows: Sales budget: The sales budget shows the expected sales in units at their expected selling price in a certain period of time. A business firm generally prepares the sales budget for a given period of time on the basis forecasted sales level, production capacity, as well as long and short term goals. Production Budget: Production budget is a plan for obtaining the resources needed to carry out the manufacturing operations of the organization to meet up the expected sales and maintain the expected level of ending inventory. The current production level depends on sales level, units of finished goods ending and beginning inventory. Direct Material Budget: The directed material budget shows the direct materials business firm needs for its production and the budgeted cost. This budget is very much related to production budget. Direct Labor Budget: To prepare direct labor budget and the direct materials budget, production budget is needed. It helps personnel department of the organization to plan for new hires and repositioning of employees. A good labor budget is very helpful for a business firm to avoid urgent hiring and help to prevent the shortage of labor. Factory Overhead Budget: This budget includes all the production costs except for direct materials and direct labor budgets. Manufacturing cost is the cost that varies in direct proportion with the manufactured units and how the business firm carries out its operation. Selling and administrative expenses budget: This type of budget indicates a plan for all non-manufacturing expenses. This budget provides you with a guideline for selling and administrative activities for the period of your budget. Budgeted income Statement: Budgeted income statement is the last part of operational of a master budget. It actually estimates the expected operating income from budgeted operations in a certain period of time. The second part of master budget includes financial budget and financial budget is the combination of following two individual budgets: Cash Budget: A cash budget shows the effect/impact of all the budgeted activities on cash. Through preparing a cash budget, the management of a business firm is supposed to be able to make sure that they have sufficient cash on hand needed to carry out activities. It also helps them to have enough time to plan for any additional financing and plan for investment of surplus cash. Budgeted Balance Sheet: Budgeted balance sheet is the last part in preparing master budget. This budgeted balance sheet shows the expected financial position at the end of the fiscal year (at a point of time) or budget period. It is very important to understand how to prepare a master budget since it helps a business to maximize its profit/return and to have a good handle on their budget period. Potential for the Use of Activity Based Costing ABC system provides highly accurate product or customer cost that a company can use for strategic decision. This system helps to understand the cause effects relationship between day to day activities and product or customer cost and theory aids the operational control purpose of cost management system. Task 3 Calculation of ratio Ratio analysis of Amber Lights ltd for two years is as follows: Last Year a) Return on capital employed = Net Profit/Total capital = 8000/109000 = 7.34% b) Return on ordinary shareholders fund = Net profit/ ordinary shareholders fund =8000/16000 =50% c) Gross profit margin = Gross profit/Net sales = 92000/350000 =26.29% d) Net profit margin = Net profit/Net sales =8000/350000 =2.29% e) Current ratio = Current asset/current liabilities =110000/50000 =2.2:1 f) Acid test ratio =C.A-Closing stock/ current liabilities =110-44/50 =1.32:1 g) Average stock turnover period =Cost of sales/Average Inventory =258000/44000 =5.86 times Period =360/5.86 =61.43 days This Year a) Return on capital employed = Net Profit/Total capital = 12000/117000 = 10.26% b) Return on ordinary shareholders fund = Net profit/ ordinary shareholders fund = 12000/16000 =75% c) Gross profit margin = Gross profit/Net sales =110000/420000 =26.19% d) Net profit margin = Net profit/Net sales =12000/420000 =2.86% e) Current ratio = Current asset/current liabilities =136000/92000 =1.48:1 f) Acid test ratio =C.A-Closing stock/ current liabilities =136000-63000/92000 =.79:1 g) Average stock turnover period =Cost of sales/Average Inventory =310000/63000 =4.92 times Period =360/4.92 Analysis of Operating Efficiency and Profitability The given ratio of Amber Lights ltd. indicates two types of ratio including operating efficiency and profitability. The operating profitability ratio indicates that return on capital employed ratio of last year is 10.26% and this year is 7.34%, return on ordinary shareholders fund ratio of last year is 50% and this year is 75%, gross profit margin of last year is 26.29% and this year is 26.19%, on the other hand, net profit margin ratio is 2.29% and this year is 2.86%.So we can say from the above discussion that operating profitability of two year is very close except ordinary shareholder fund. So this year performance is better than last year. We also see from the operating efficiency ratio that current ratio of last year is 2.20:1 and current year is 1.48:1, acid test ratio of last year is 1.32:1 and current year is .79:1, and average stock turn over period of last year is 61.43 days and this year is 73.17 days. From the given data of last year and the current year of Amber Lights ltd we find that last year performance is better than this year. So from the given data analysis we can say that last year operating efficiency was better than that of current year. Limitation of Ratio Analysis: Although ratio analysis provides important implications, there are some limitations of ratio analysis. The main limitations of ratio analysis are given below: Accounting treatment varies between firms Firms with different divisions operating in different industries make it difficult to find industry ratio analysis Some Results may be in consistent Ratios which are outside an industry range might be cause of much concern. Task 4 Financial Appraisal Methods There are several different appraisal methods and each of those methods has its particular applications, advantages and drawbacks. Simple Payback This is one of the simplest and widely recognized methods of cost/benefit analysis. Payback period is defined as the length of time required to recover the original investment on the project, through cash flows. The cash flows include operating profit, less income tax payable, plus depreciation. Internal Rate of Return It can be said that it is the mostly used method for the financial evaluation of a companys investment. The internal rate of return (IRR) can be defined as the rate of return required to make the present value of future cash flows plus the final market value of the investment, equal to the current market price for the investment. Actually it is a discount rate making the net present value equal to zero. Average Rate of Return The average rate of return is calculated profit after tax divided by book value of investment. Under this method, the entire life of any project is considered. Net Present Value Net present value is one of the discounted cash flow techniques. This method considers time value of money. It is calculated as present value of future cash inflows over the life of the project less present value of cash outflows. Benefit Cost Ratio Benefit cost ratio is another version of net present approach. Under this approach, the benefits from the project are reduced to their present value at a specified rate of discount and this figure is divided by the present value of the cost of the project. Discounted Cash Flow This approach actually represents what a company is willing to pay at the present (today) to receive anticipated cash flow in future years. So it is a process of converting future earnings into todays money. Future cash flows are discounted to demonstrate their present values and determine the value of the project. These are well established and understood appraisal tools to financially evaluate projects. All appraisal methods are not supposed to provide the same result. Increasingly, with the creation of stakeholder value being determined by an organizations environmental and social policies and values, new criteria and perspectives will have to be factored into organizations decision-making process. Strategic Issues in Making Investment Decisions The prime objective of every business organization is to make money for the owners now and in the future. Investment decision plays a significant role in making investment decisions. Both quantitative as well as qualitative issues must be considered in decision making. Short-term decisions are relatively easy on the quantitative side: Would you rather spend $10,000 or $15,000 given the same revenue? Would you rather sell something for $5.00 per unit or $7.00 per unit given the same costs? Would you rather have net income of $60,000 or $50,000? Long-term (investment) decision involves two additional dimensions as follows: Timing Magnitude Discounted Cash Flow Analysis addresses the timing issue. Discounted Cash Flows (DCF Analysis) A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. A dollar in the future is worth less than a dollar today. Steps to DCF To determine future cash flows To determine the appropriate discount rate Higher discount rate = lower present value Lower discount rate = higher present value High risk generally requires greater return Higher risk = higher discount rate Discount the future cash flows by using the selected hurdle rate Compare the present value of the future cash flows to the investment If PV of inflows > PV of outflows, project is acceptable If PV of inflows < PV of outflows, project is rejected NPV = PV of all Inflows PV of all outflows Tools of DCF: PV = to compute the present value of single future amount or a set annuity using a given particular discount rate FV = to compute the future value of a single present amount or a set annuity given a particular discount rate Rate = to computes the particular discount rate needed to convert a present value to a future value or a future value to a present value NPV = to computes the net present value of a series of dissimilar future cash flows given a particular discount (hurdle) rate If NPV > 0, the investment is acceptable If NPV < 0, the investment is rejected IRR = computes the discount (hurdle) rate which makes net present value equal to zero. If IRR > the hurdle rate, the investment is acceptable If IRR < the hurdle rate, the investment is rejected Example: Suppose, company XYZ wants to make investment decision of $ 200000 for a project. The company must justify the PV of cash inflows and compare it with the cash outflows. If the value of PV is greater than cash outflow then the company should accept the project. Conclusion: Cost concept is very essential for decision making process. As the manager is the higher authority of any organization, they are to develop different types of policies and strategy to run the business successfully. So development of cost reduction procedures is one of the most important strategies. It is very important to develop cost reduction procedures because it increases the profit of the firm through reducing cost of production. If the manager cannot control cost their operating expense will be higher and higher and therefore reducing the profit of the firm. A firm which can not control cost cannot sustain in the competitive business world. So to make proper investment decisions financial managers should have clear knowledge about financial principles and techniques for better performance.